图书管理系统表设计结构

author的id对应author_book的author_id
book的id对应author_book的book_id

#########orm工具设置
D:\mysite\polls\models.py
orm：对像关系映射，将Python语法自动转换成sql语句

from django.db import models#书class Book(models.Model): id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) # 自增的ID主键 #创建一个varchar(64)的唯一的不为空的字段 title = models.CharField(max_length=64, null=False, unique=True) #和出版社关联的外键字段 publisher = models.ForeignKey(to="Publisher", on_delete=models.CASCADE)#作者表class Author(models.Model): id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=16, null=False, unique=True) #告诉ORM 我这张表和book表是多对多的关联关系,ORM自动帮我生成了第三张表 book = models.ManyToManyField(to="Book") def __str__(self): return "<Author Object: {}>".format(self.name)

会生成三张表

polls_book表

polls_author表

polls_author_books表

#########主url设置

from django.contrib import adminfrom django.urls import path,includeurlpatterns = [ path('polls/',include('polls.urls')), path('admin/', admin.site.urls),]

#########应用url设置
D:\mysite\polls\urls.py

from django.urls import pathfrom . import viewsapp_name = 'polls'urlpatterns = [ #书相关的对应关系 path('book_list/', views.book_list,name='book_list'), path('add_book/', views.add_book,name='add_book'), # 添加书籍 path('delete_book/', views.delete_book,name='delete_book'), # 删除书籍 path('edit_book/', views.edit_book,name='edit_book'), # 编辑书籍 # 作者相关的对应关系 path('author_list/', views.author_list,name='author_list'), # 展示作者 path('add_author/', views.add_author,name='add_author'), # 添加作者 path('delete_author/', views.delete_author,name='delete_author'), # 删除作者 path('edit_author/', views.edit_author,name='edit_author'), # 编辑作者]

#########后端函数
D:\mysite\polls\views.py

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponsefrom .models import Question,Publisherfrom polls import models#展示书的列表def book_list(request): # 去数据库中查询所有的书籍 all_book = models.Book.objects.all() #在HTML页面完成字符串替换(渲染数据) return render(request, "polls/book_list.html", {"all_book": all_book})#添加书籍def add_book(request): if request.method == "POST": new_title = request.POST.get("book_title") new_publisher_id = request.POST.get("publisher") #创建新书对象,自动提交 models.Book.objects.create(title=new_title, publisher_id=new_publisher_id) #返回到书籍列表页 return redirect("/polls/book_list/") #取到所有的出版社 ret = models.Publisher.objects.all() return render(request, "polls/add_book.html", {"publisher_list": ret})#删除书籍def delete_book(request): #从URL里面获取要删除的书籍的id值 delete_id = request.GET.get("id") # 从URL里面取数据 #去删除数据库中删除指定id的数据 models.Book.objects.get(id=delete_id).delete() #返回书籍列表页面, 查看是否删除成功 return redirect("/polls/book_list/")#编辑书籍def edit_book(request): if request.method == "POST": # 从提交的数据里面取,书名和书关联的出版社 edit_id = request.POST.get("id") new_title = request.POST.get("book_title") new_publisher_id = request.POST.get("publisher") #更新 edit_book_obj = models.Book.objects.get(id=edit_id) edit_book_obj.title = new_title # 更新书名 edit_book_obj.publisher_id = new_publisher_id # 更新书籍关联的出版社 #将修改提交到数据库 edit_book_obj.save() #返回书籍列表页面,查看是否编辑成功 return redirect("/polls/book_list/") #返回一个页面,让用户编辑书籍信息 #取到编辑的书的id值 edit_id = request.GET.get("id") #根据id去数据库中把具体的书籍对象拿到 edit_book_obj = models.Book.objects.get(id=edit_id) ret = models.Publisher.objects.all() return render( request, "polls/edit_book.html", {"publisher_list": ret, "book_obj": edit_book_obj} )#作者列表页def author_list(request): # 查询所有的作者 all_author = models.Author.objects.all() return render(request, "polls/author_list.html", {"author_list": all_author})#添加作者def add_author(request): if request.method == "POST": print("in post...") #取到提交的数据 new_author_name = request.POST.get("author_name") #post提交的数据是多个值的时候一定会要用getlist,如多选的checkbox和多选的select books = request.POST.getlist("books") #创建作者 new_author_obj = models.Author.objects.create(name=new_author_name) #把新作者和书籍建立对应关系,自动提交 new_author_obj.book.set(books) #跳转到作者列表页面,查看是否添加成功! return redirect("/polls/author_list/") #查询所有的书籍 ret = models.Book.objects.all() return render(request, "polls/add_author.html", {"book_list": ret})#删除作者def delete_author(request): # 从URL里面取到要删除的作者id delete_id = request.GET.get("id") #根据ID值取到要删除的作者对象,直接删除 #1. 去作者表把作者删了 #2. 去作者和书的关联表,把对应的关联记录删除了 models.Author.objects.get(id=delete_id).delete() #返回作者列表页面 return redirect("/polls/author_list/")#编辑作者def edit_author(request): # 如果编辑完提交数据过来 if request.method == "POST": # 拿到提交过来的编辑后的数据 edit_author_id = request.POST.get("author_id") new_author_name = request.POST.get("author_name") # 拿到编辑后作者关联的书籍信息 new_books = request.POST.getlist("books") # 根据ID找到当前编辑的作者对象 edit_author_obj = models.Author.objects.get(id=edit_author_id) # 更新作者的名字 edit_author_obj.name = new_author_name # 更新作者关联的书的对应关系 edit_author_obj.book.set(new_books) # 将修改提交到数据库 edit_author_obj.save() # 返回作者列表页,查看是否编辑成功 return redirect("/polls/author_list/") # 从URL里面取要编辑的作者的id信息 edit_id = request.GET.get("id") # 找到要编辑的作者对象 edit_author_obj = models.Author.objects.get(id=edit_id) # 查询所有的书籍对象 ret = models.Book.objects.all() return render(request, "polls/edit_author.html", {"book_list": ret, "author": edit_author_obj})

#########静态html文件
#book列表页
D:\mysite\polls\templates\polls\book_list.htmll

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>书籍列表</title></head><body><h2>所有的书籍都在这里!</h2><a href="/polls/add_book/">添加书籍</a><table border="1"> <thead> <tr> <th>id</th> <th>title</th> <th>publisher</th> <th>操作</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for i in all_book %} <tr> <td>{{ i.id }}</td> <td>{{ i.title }}</td> <td>{{ i.publisher.name }}</td> <td> <a href="/polls/delete_book/?id={{ i.id }}">删除</a> <a href="/polls/edit_book/?id={{ i.id }}">编辑</a> </td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody></table></body></html>

##book添加页

D:\mysite\polls\templates\polls\add_book.html<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>添加书籍</title></head><body><h2>添加书籍</h2><form action="/polls/add_book/" method="post"> <p> 书名:<input type="text" name="book_title"> </p> <p> 出版社: <select name="publisher" > {% for publisher in publisher_list %} <option value="{{ publisher.id }}">{{ publisher.name }}</option> {% endfor %} </select> </p> <p> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </p></form></body></html>

#book编辑页

D:\mysite\polls\templates\polls\edit_book.html<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>编辑书籍</title></head><body><h2>编辑书籍</h2><form action="/polls/edit_book/" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value="{{ book_obj.id }}"> <p> 书名: <input type="text" name="book_title" value="{{ book_obj.title }}"> </p> <p> 出版社: <select name="publisher"> {% for publisher in publisher_list %} {% if book_obj.publisher_id == publisher.id %} {# 当前书籍关联的出版社才默认选中#} <option selected value="{{ publisher.id }}">{{ publisher.name }}</option> {% else %} {# 其他的出版社不选中 #} <option value="{{ publisher.id }}">{{ publisher.name }}</option> {% endif %} {% endfor %} </select> </p> <p> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </p></form></body></html>

#作者列表页
D:\mysite\polls\templates\polls\author_list.htm

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>作者列表</title></head><body><a href="/polls/add_author/">添加新的作者</a><h2>所有的作者</h2><table border="1"> <thead> <tr> <th>#</th> <th>ID</th> <th>名字</th> <th>作品</th> <th>操作</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for author in author_list %} <tr> <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td> <td>{{ author.id }}</td> <td>{{ author.name }}</td> <td> {% for book in author.book.all %} {{ book.title }}  {% endfor %} </td> <td> <a href="/polls/delete_author/?id={{ author.id }}">删除</a> <a href="/polls/edit_author/?id={{ author.id }}">编辑</a> </td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody></table></body></html>

#作者添加页
D:\mysite\polls\templates\polls\add_author.html

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>添加作者</title></head><body><h2>添加作者</h2><form action="/polls/add_author/" method="post"> <p> 作者姓名:<input type="text" name="author_name"> </p> <p> 作品: <select multiple name="books"> {% for book in book_list %} <option value="{{ book.id }}">{{ book.title }}</option> {% endfor %} </select> </p> <p> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </p></form></body></html>

#作者编辑页
D:\mysite\polls\templates\polls\edit_author.html

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>编辑作者</title></head><body><h2>编辑作者</h2><form action="/polls/edit_author/" method="post"> <input type="text" name="author_id" value="{{ author.id }}" > <p> 作者姓名:<input type="text" name="author_name" value="{{ author.name }}"> </p> <p> 作品: <select multiple name="books"> {% for book in book_list %}{# 如果当前这本书 在 当前作者关联的所有书 里面 #} {% if book in author.book.all %} <option selected value="{{ book.id }}">{{ book.title }}</option> {% else %} <option value="{{ book.id }}">{{ book.title }}</option>{% endif %} {% endfor %} </select> </p> <p> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </p></form></body></html>

模板里author.book.all的含义

#web展示
作者列表页

作者添加页

作者编辑页