Oracle 11gR2 使用 RMAN duplicate from active database 复制数据库

2025-04-13 技术教程

在Oracle 10g下，我们可以使用RMAN duplicate命令创建一个具有不同DBID的复制库。到了Oracle 11gR2，RMAN的duplicate有2种方法实现：

1. Active database duplication

2. Backup-based duplication

Active database duplication通过网络，直接copy target库到auxiliary库，然后创建复制库。这种方法就不需要先用RMAN备份数据库，然后将备份文件发送到auxiliary端。

这个功能的作用是非常大的。尤其是对T级别的库。因为对这样的库进行备份，然后将备份集发送到备库，在进行duplicate的代价是非常大的。一备份要占用时间，二要占用备份空间，三在网络传送的时候，还需要占用带宽和时间。所以Active database duplicate很好的解决了以上的问题。它对大库的迁移非常有用。

如果是从RAC duplicate到单实例，操作是一样的。如果是从单实例duplicate到RAC。那么先duplicate到单实例。然后将单实例转换成RAC。

Oracle 10g下Rman duplicate的例子参考：

RMAN异机复制数据库

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2010/07/20/5749932.aspx

下面我们看一下11gR2下，Active Database Duplicate的步骤如下：

1.创建Auxiliary库的Initialization Parameter：

如果使用spfile，那么在pfile文件里只需要设置一个DB_NAME参数，其他参数会在duplicate命令中自己设置。

如果使用pfile，那么需要设置如下参数：

DB_NAME

CONTROL_FILES

DB_BLOCK_SIZE

DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT

LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT

DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

2.在Auxiliary库创建Password File文件

对于Backup-based duplication，Password File不是必须的，但是对于Active Database Duplication，Password File是必须的。因为Active Database Duplication使用相同的SYSDBA密码直接连接到auxiliary库。所以，确保target和Auxiliary库的SYSDBA密码一样很重要。

当然，我们也可以在duplicate命令中加上PASSWORD FILE选项（也是默认值），这样RMAN在copy的时候也会从target库把密码文件copy过来，如果auxiliary库上已经存在了Password file，那么该操作会重写那个文件。

如：

RMAN> DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASE TO Dave

2> FROM ACTIVE DATABASE

3> NOFILENAMECHECK

4> PASSWORD FILE

5> SPFILE;

3.如果是windows平台，还需要创建Database service：

% set ORACLE_SID=DAVE
% set ORACLE_HOME=E:/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1
% oradim -NEW -SID DAVE

4.配置oracle net，修改listener.ora和the tnsnames.ora文件：

在Target库和Auxiliary都要修改。这个也可以使用netca和netmgr命令配置。

Listener.ora

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 admin]$cat listener.ora

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost6.localdomain6)(PORT = 1521))

)

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)

(SID_NAME = orcl)

)

tnsname.ora

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora

ORCL_ST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.43)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

)

ORCL_PD =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.42)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

)

5.用第一步创建的pfile文件，将Auxiliary启动到nomout状态。然后进行Active Database duplicate。

我们看一个完整的复制示例：

Target DB：

IP: 192.168.2.42

SID：orcl

Auxiliary：

IP：192.168.2.43

SID:orcl

我这里复制的目录相同。如果不同的话需要在pfile里面加入db_file_name_convert和log_file_name_convert.

1.在Auxiliary创建pfile参数文件：

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh3 dbs]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh3 dbs]$ cat initorcl.ora

DB_NAME=orcl

只有一个参数：DB_NAME

2.在Auxiliary库上创建口令文件

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh3 admin]$ orapwd file=?/dbs/orapworcl password=oracle

3.在Auxiliary库创建相关的目录结构：

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh3 trace]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl

不然在duplicate时会报如下错误：

ORA-19505: failed to identify file "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf"

ORA-27040: file create error, unable to create file

4.启动Auxiliary到nomout状态：

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh3 admin]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Mar 8 00:28:48 2011

SQL> conn / as sysdba;

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount pfile=?/dbs/initorcl.ora

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area146472960 bytes

Fixed Size1335080 bytes

Variable Size92274904 bytes

Database Buffers50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers2531328 bytes

SQL>

5.在Target和Auxiliary都配置Oracle Net（Listener.ora and tnsnames.ora）：

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 admin]$cat listener.ora

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost6.localdomain6)(PORT = 1521))

)

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)

(SID_NAME = orcl)

)

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh2 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora

ORCL_ST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.43)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

)

ORCL_PD =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.42)(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

)

6.开始RMAN duplicate from active database：

注意：如果target和Auxiliary库的目录结构相同，记得加上nofilenamecheck参数，不然会报如下错误：

RMAN-05001: auxiliary file name /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf conflicts with a file used by the target database

如果目录不同，在pfile里加如下2个参数进行转换：

db_file_name_convert

log_file_name_convert.

[oracle@qs-dmm-rh3 dbs]$rman target sys/oracle@orcl_pd auxiliary sys/oracle@orcl_st

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Mar 8 01:01:42 2011

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1272955137)

connected to auxiliary database: ORCL (not mounted)

RMAN>duplicate target database to orcl from active database nofilenamecheck;

Starting Duplicate Db at 08-MAR-11

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK

contents of Memory Script:

{

sql clone "create spfile from memory";

}

executing Memory Script

sql statement: create spfile from memory

contents of Memory Script:

{

shutdown clone immediate;

startup clone nomount;

}

executing Memory Script

Oracle instance shut down

connected to auxiliary database (not started)

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area146472960 bytes

Fixed Size1335080 bytes

Variable Size92274904 bytes

Database Buffers50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers2531328 bytes

contents of Memory Script:

{

sql clone "alter system setdb_name =

''ORCL'' comment=

''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";

sql clone "alter system setdb_unique_name =

''ORCL'' comment=

''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";

shutdown clone immediate;

startup clone force nomount

backup as copy current controlfile auxiliary format'/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/cntrlorcl.dbf';

alter clone database mount;

}

executing Memory Script

sql statement: alter system setdb_name =''ORCL'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile

sql statement: alter system setdb_unique_name =''ORCL'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile

Oracle instance shut down

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area146472960 bytes

Fixed Size1335080 bytes

Variable Size92274904 bytes

Database Buffers50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers2531328 bytes

Starting backup at 08-MAR-11

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=43 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

copying current control file

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f tag=TAG20110308T010214 RECID=3 STAMP=745203735

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 08-MAR-11

database mounted

contents of Memory Script:

{

set newname for datafile1 to

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf";

set newname for datafile2 to

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf";

set newname for datafile3 to

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf";

set newname for datafile4 to

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf";

backup as copy reuse

datafile1 auxiliary format

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf"datafile

2 auxiliary format

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf"datafile

3 auxiliary format

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf"datafile

4 auxiliary format

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf";

sql 'alter system archive log current';

}

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET NEWNAME

Starting backup at 08-MAR-11

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

--在这里开始copy数据文件，比较慢。

input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T010221

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T010221

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T010221

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf tag=TAG20110308T010221

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 08-MAR-11

sql statement: alter system archive log current

contents of Memory Script:

{

backup as copy reuse

archivelog like"/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2011_03_08/o1_mf_1_7_6qb3zyoo_.arc" auxiliary format

"/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch2_7_745174404.dbf";

catalog clone archivelog"/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch2_7_745174404.dbf";

switch clone datafile all;

}

executing Memory Script

Starting backup at 08-MAR-11

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log copy

input archived log thread=1 sequence=7 RECID=3 STAMP=745203841

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch2_7_745174404.dbf RECID=0 STAMP=0

channel ORA_DISK_1: archived log copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07

Finished backup at 08-MAR-11

cataloged archived log

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch2_7_745174404.dbf RECID=3 STAMP=745203848

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=745203849 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

datafile 2 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=745203849 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

datafile 3 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=745203849 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

datafile 4 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=745203849 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

contents of Memory Script:

{

set until scn844147;

recover

clone database

delete archivelog

;

}

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET until clause

Starting recover at 08-MAR-11

allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=18 device type=DISK

starting media recovery

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 7 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch2_7_745174404.dbf

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch2_7_745174404.dbf thread=1 sequence=7

media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished recover at 08-MAR-11

contents of Memory Script:

{

shutdown clone immediate;

startup clone nomount;

sql clone "alter system setdb_name =

''ORCL'' comment=

''Reset to original value by RMAN'' scope=spfile";

sql clone "alter system resetdb_unique_name scope=spfile";

shutdown clone immediate;

startup clone nomount;

}

executing Memory Script

database dismounted

Oracle instance shut down

connected to auxiliary database (not started)

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area146472960 bytes

Fixed Size1335080 bytes

Variable Size92274904 bytes

Database Buffers50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers2531328 bytes

sql statement: alter system setdb_name =''ORCL'' comment= ''Reset to original value by RMAN'' scope=spfile

sql statement: alter system resetdb_unique_name scope=spfile

Oracle instance shut down

connected to auxiliary database (not started)

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area146472960 bytes

Fixed Size1335080 bytes

Variable Size92274904 bytes

Database Buffers50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers2531328 bytes

sql statement: CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE "ORCL" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG

MAXLOGFILES16

MAXLOGMEMBERS3

MAXDATAFILES100

MAXINSTANCES8

MAXLOGHISTORY292

LOGFILE

GROUP1 ( '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log' ) SIZE 50 MREUSE,

GROUP2 ( '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log' ) SIZE 50 MREUSE,

GROUP3 ( '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log' ) SIZE 50 MREUSE

DATAFILE

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf'

CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK

contents of Memory Script:

{

set newname for tempfile1 to

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf";

switch clone tempfile all;

catalog clone datafilecopy"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf",

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf",

"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf";

switch clone datafile all;

}

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET NEWNAME

renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf in control file

cataloged datafile copy

datafile copy file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf RECID=1 STAMP=745203867

cataloged datafile copy

datafile copy file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf RECID=2 STAMP=745203867

cataloged datafile copy

datafile copy file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf RECID=3 STAMP=745203867

datafile 2 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=1 STAMP=745203867 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

datafile 3 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=2 STAMP=745203867 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

datafile 4 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=745203867 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

contents of Memory Script:

{

Alter clone database open resetlogs;

}

executing Memory Script

database opened

Finished Duplicate Db at 08-MAR-11

RMAN>

复制结束。查询：

Target库：

SQL> select name,dbid from v$database;

NAMEDBID

--------- ----------

ORCL1272955137

Auxiliary库：

SQL> select name,dbid from v$database;

NAMEDBID

--------- ----------

ORCL1272984602

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