Oracle 12C RAC CDB数据库部署

2025-04-11 技术教程

Oracle中的12C新特性-容器数据库

---12.1.0.2_GI_RAC_Create_CDB_Blog

一、安装前的准备

安装两个节点的 12.1.0.2 GI/RAC ，创建 CDB 数据库。

1. 关闭 SELINUX

vim/etc/selinux/config*ChangetheSELINUXvalueto"SELINUX=disabled".另外，关闭OSiptable等服务serviceNetworkManagerstopserviceiptablesstopchkconfigNetworkManageroffchkconfigiptablesoff2. 网络IP配置（HOSTS文件）

cat/etc/hosts#vastdata11192.168.56.11vastdata11.us.oracle.comvastdata11192.168.56.21vastdata11-vip.us.oracle.comvastdata11-vip10.0.0.2vastdata11-priv1.us.oracle.comvastdata11-priv110.0.0.3vastdata11-priv2.us.oracle.comvastdata11-priv2#vastdata12192.168.56.12vastdata12.us.oracle.comvastdata12192.168.56.22vastdata12-vip.us.oracle.comvastdata12-vip10.0.0.4vastdata12-priv1.us.oracle.comvastdata12-priv110.0.0.5vastdata12-priv2.us.oracle.comvastdata12-priv2#rac-scan192.168.56.33vastdata-scan.us.oracle.comvastdata-scan192.168.56.34vastdata-scan.us.oracle.comvastdata-scan192.168.56.35vastdata-scan.us.oracle.comvastdata-scan3. 安装OS系统RPM包

Oracle Linux 6 and Red Hat Linux 6 需要安装下面系统RPM包，其他OS版本请参考在线文档：http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/CWLIN/prelinux.htm#CEGCECCC

配置YUM源

cd/etc/yum.repos.d/catyum.repo[oel6]name=OEL6.5baseurl=file:///media/OL6.5\x86_64\Disc\1\20131125gpgcheck=0enabled=1

安装RPM包

yuminstallbinutilscompat-libcap1compat-libstdc++-33iptrafgccgcc-c++glibc-develglibcelfutils-libelf-develcompat-libcap1compat-libstdc++-33libaio-develkshlibgcclibstdclibstdc++libstdc++-devellibaiolibaio-develmakesysstatunixODBCunixODBC-devel-yyuminstallbinutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6compat-libcap1-1.10-1compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686gcc-4.4.4-13.el6gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6glibc-2.12-1.7.el6glibc-2.12-1.7.el6glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6.i686kshlibgcc-4.4.4-13.el6libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6.i686libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6.i686libaio-0.3.107-10.el6libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686libXext-1.1libXext-1.1libXtst-1.0.99.2libXtst-1.0.99.2libX11-1.3libX11-1.3libXau-1.0.5libXau-1.0.5libxcb-1.5libxcb-1.5libXi-1.3libXi-1.3make-3.81-19.el6sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6nfs-utils-1.2.3-15.0.1-y4. Ulimit资源设置

设置/etc/security/limits.conf，详细参考在线文档：

http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/LADBI/usr_grps.htm#LADBI7674

oraclesoftnproc2047oraclehardnproc16384oraclesoftnofile1024oraclehardnofile65536oraclesoftstack10240oraclehardstack10240gridsoftnproc2047gridhardnproc16384gridsoftnofile1024gridhardnofile65536gridsoftstack10240gridhardstack102405. 添加用户组

groupadd-g54321oinstallgroupadd-g54322dbagroupadd-g54328asmadmingroupadd-g54325asmdbauseradd-u54322-goinstall-Gasmadmin,asmdbagriduseradd-u54321-goinstall-Gdba,asmdbaoracleecho"oracle"|passwd--stdinoracleecho"grid"|passwd--stdingrid6. 创建目录结构

--创建GRID_BASEmkdir-p/u01/app/grid--创建GRID_HOMEmkdir-p/u01/12.1.0/gridchown-Rgrid:oinstall/u01chmod-R775/u01/chmod-R775/u01/12.1.0/grid--创建ORACLE_BASEmkdir-p/u01/app/oraclechownoracle:oinstall/u01/app/oraclechmod-R775/u01/7. 配置oracle、grid用户环境变量

GRID环境变量exportTMP=/tmpexportTMPDIR=$TMPexportORACLE_HOSTNAME=vastdata11.us.oracle.comexportORACLE_SID=+ASM1exportORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/gridexportORACLE_HOME=/u01/12.1.0/gridexportNLS_DATE_FORMAT="yy-mm-ddhh34:mi:ss"exportPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATHexportLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/libexportCLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlibexportNLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBKumask022-------------------------------------------------------------------------------ORACLE环境变量exportTMP=/tmpexportTMPDIR=$TMPexportORACLE_HOSTNAME=vastdata11.us.oracle.comexportORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleexportORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1exportORACLE_UNQNAME=PRODexportORACLE_SID=PROD1exportPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATHexportLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/libexportCLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlibexportNLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-ddhh34:mi:ss"exportNLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBKumask0228. private-配置私网

vim/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth3DEVICE=eth3IPADDR=10.0.0.2NETMASK=255.255.255.0TYPE=EthernetNM_CONTROLLED=yesUSERCTL=noBOOTPROTO=noneONBOOT=yes9. 绑定网卡-Bond1) 加载bond功能

modprobe--first-timebondinglsmod|grepbonding2) 配置网卡文件

vim/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0DEVICE=bond0TYPE=BondIPADDR=192.168.56.11NETMASK=255.255.255.0USERCTL=noBOOTPROTO=noneONBOOT=yesBONDING_MASTER=yesBONDING_OPTS="mode=0miimon=100"vim/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0DEVICE=eth0USERCTL=noONBOOT=yesMASTER=bond0SLAVE=yesBOOTPROTO=nonevim/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth2DEVICE=eth2USERCTL=noONBOOT=yesMASTER=bond0SLAVE=yesBOOTPROTO=nonevim/etc/modprobe.d/dist.confaliasbond0bondingoptionsbondingmiimon=100mode=03) 重启网卡服务

servicenetworkrestartcat/proc/net/bonding/bond0ifconfig10. 配置解析服务器1) 主域名解析服务器

yuminstallbindbind-chroot-ycp-p/etc/named.conf/etc/named.conf.bakvim/etc/named.conf////named.conf////ProvidedbyRedHatbindpackagetoconfiguretheISCBINDnamed(8)DNS//serverasacachingonlynameserver(asalocalhostDNSresolveronly).////See/usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/forexamplenamedconfigurationfiles.//options{listen-onport53{any;};directory"/var/named";allow-query{any;};allow-query-cache{any;};recursionno;};zone"."IN{typehint;file"named.ca";};zone"us.oracle.com"IN{typemaster;file"us.oracle.com.zone";};zone"56.168.192.in-addr.arpa"IN{typemaster;file"192.168.56.local";};cd/var/named/cp-pnamed.localhostus.oracle.com.zonecp-pus.oracle.com.zone192.168.56.localvim/var/named/us.oracle.com.zone$TTL1D@INSOAvastdata11.us.oracle.com.root.us.oracle.com.(0;serial1D;refresh1H;retry1W;expire3H);minimumNSdns.us.oracle.com.vastdata11A192.168.56.11vastdata12A192.168.56.12vastdata-scanA192.168.56.33vastdata-scanA192.168.56.34vastdata-scanA192.168.56.35dnsA192.168.56.44vastdata11-vipA192.168.56.21vastdata12-vipA192.168.56.22vastdata11-priv1A10.0.0.2vastdata11-priv2A10.0.0.3vastdata12-priv1A10.0.0.4vastdata12-priv2A10.0.0.5vim/var/named/192.168.56.local$TTL1D@INSOAvastdata11.us.oracle.com.root.us.oracle.com.(0;serial1D;refresh1H;retry1W;expire3H);minimumINNSdns.us.oracle.com.11INPTRvastdata11.us.oracle.com.12INPTRvastdata12.us.oracle.com.33INPTRvastdata-scan.us.oracle.com.34INPTRvastdata-scan.us.oracle.com.35INPTRvastdata-scan.us.oracle.com.44INPTRdns21INPTRvastdata11-vip.us.oracle.com.22INPTRvastdata12-vip.us.oracle.com.servicenetworkrestartservicenamedrestartchkconfignamedonchkconfignamed--list-----------------------------------------------nslookupvastdata-scan.us.oracle.com2) 从域名解析服务器

cd/etc/vimnamed.confoptions{directory"/var/named";allow-query{any;};recursionno;};zone"us.oracle.com"IN{typeslave;file"slave/us.oracle.com.zone";masters{192.168.56.11;};allow-transfer{none;};};zone"56.168.192.in-addr.arpa"IN{typeslave;file"slave/192.168.56.rev";masters{192.168.56.11;};};CLIENTDNS配置vim/etc/resolv.confnameserver192.168.56.11servicenamedrestartnslookupvastdata-scan.us.oracle.com11. 配置 ASM Disk

第一种：使用udev第二种：使用asmlib---------------------------------------------------------------------------------首先OS层面配置diskfdisk/dev/sdb--配置后的disk信息：ls-l/dev/sd*--标记新加卷组vim1.shforiinbcd;doecho"KERNEL==\"sd*\",BUS==\"scsi\",PROGRAM==\"/sbin/scsi_id--whitelisted--replace-whitespace--device=/dev/\$name\",RESULT==\"`/sbin/scsi_id--whitelisted--replace-whitespace--device=/dev/sd$i`\",NAME=\"asm-disk$i\",OWNER=\"grid\",GROUP=\"asmadmin\",MODE=\"0660\"">>/etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rulesdonechmod+x1.sh./1.shcat/etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rulesstart_udevls-al/dev/asm-disk*12. 配置互信

（root、grid、oracle，这三个用户都需要配置互信，以及与自己配置互信）

ssh-keygen-trsacd/root/.ssh/catid_rsa.pub>>authorized_keysservicesshdrestart13. 时间同步功能

在主DNS服务器重启后则变成active，否则就是观望者（observer）

关闭两台机器的时间同步功能：

rm-rf/etc/ntp.confrm-rf/etc/sysconfig/ntpd14. CVU 检查

运行 CVU 检查系统配置是否满足条件，在运行 CVU 之前需要手动配置 SSH

./runcluvfy.shstage-precrsinst-nvastdata11,vastdata12-fixup-verbose二、安装配置集群 GRID1. 运行OUI1) 运行 runInstaller

exportDISPLAY=192.168.56.1:1.0xhost+2) 选择安装集群

3) 配置标准集群

4) 高级安装

5) 选择语言

6) 配置集群名和 SCAN

7) 选择节点信息

8) 配置测试 SSH

9) 配置网卡

10) 选择标准 ASM 存储

11) 创建 diskgroup

12) ASM Password

13) 配置失败隔离

14) 配置 EM

15) 配置 OS group

16) 配置GI安装目录和数据目录，以及oraInventory目录

17) 选择 root 脚本自动运行，如果不选择，那么按照 12c 之前的方法手动运行 root.sh

18) 前提检查

执行修复脚本

再次检查

忽略可ignore的warning

19) 总结

20) 开始安装，提示自动运行 root.sh 脚本

21) 继续配置集群

2. 资源状态

[grid@vastdata11~]$crsctlstatres-t--------------------------------------------------------------------------------NameTargetStateServerStatedetails--------------------------------------------------------------------------------LocalResources--------------------------------------------------------------------------------ora.DATA.dgONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.LISTENER.lsnrONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.asmONLINEONLINEvastdata11Started,STABLEONLINEONLINEvastdata12Started,STABLEora.net1.networkONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.onsONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLE--------------------------------------------------------------------------------ClusterResources--------------------------------------------------------------------------------ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.LISTENER_SCAN2.lsnr1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEora.LISTENER_SCAN3.lsnr1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEora.MGMTLSNR1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11169.254.62.14410.0.0.210.0.0.2,STABLEora.cvu1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEora.mgmtdb1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11Open,STABLEora.oc4j1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEora.scan1.vip1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.scan2.vip1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEora.scan3.vip1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEora.vastdata11.vip1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEora.vastdata12.vip1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLE--------------------------------------------------------------------------------[grid@vastdata11~]$crsctlstatres-t-init--------------------------------------------------------------------------------NameTargetStateServerStatedetails--------------------------------------------------------------------------------ClusterResources--------------------------------------------------------------------------------ora.asm1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11Started,STABLEora.cluster_interconnect.haip1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEora.crf1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEora.crsd1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEora.cssd1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEora.cssdmonitor1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEora.ctssd1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11ACTIVE:0,STABLEora.diskmon1OFFLINEOFFLINESTABLEora.drivers.acfs1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEora.evmd1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEora.gipcd1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEora.gpnpd1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEora.mdnsd1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEora.storage1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLE--------------------------------------------------------------------------------[grid@vastdata12~]$crsctlstatres-t--------------------------------------------------------------------------------NameTargetStateServerStatedetails--------------------------------------------------------------------------------LocalResources--------------------------------------------------------------------------------ora.DATA.dgONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.LISTENER.lsnrONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.asmONLINEONLINEvastdata11Started,STABLEONLINEONLINEvastdata12Started,STABLEora.net1.networkONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.onsONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLE--------------------------------------------------------------------------------ClusterResources--------------------------------------------------------------------------------ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.LISTENER_SCAN2.lsnr1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEora.LISTENER_SCAN3.lsnr1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEora.MGMTLSNR1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11169.254.62.14410.0.0.210.0.0.2,STABLEora.cvu1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEora.mgmtdb1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11Open,STABLEora.oc4j1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEora.scan1.vip1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.scan2.vip1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEora.scan3.vip1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEora.vastdata11.vip1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEora.vastdata12.vip1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLE--------------------------------------------------------------------------------[grid@vastdata12~]$crsctlstatres-t-init--------------------------------------------------------------------------------NameTargetStateServerStatedetails--------------------------------------------------------------------------------ClusterResources--------------------------------------------------------------------------------ora.asm1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12Started,STABLEora.cluster_interconnect.haip1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.crf1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.crsd1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.cssd1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.cssdmonitor1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.ctssd1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12ACTIVE:0,STABLEora.diskmon1OFFLINEOFFLINESTABLEora.drivers.acfs1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.evmd1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.gipcd1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.gpnpd1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.mdnsd1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.storage1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLE--------------------------------------------------------------------------------三、安装/创建 Database1. 运行 OUI/runInstaller1) 运行 runInstaller
2) 忽略 update 配置

3) 只安装软件

4) 选择安装 RAC 数据库

5) 选择 RAC 节点

6) 选择语言

7) 选择版本

8) 选择 ORACLE_HOME

9) 配置 OS 组

10) 前提检查

11) 总结

12) 开始安装，并执行root.sh脚本

2. ASMCA创建磁盘组

3. DBCA 建库(CDB)1) 运行 dbca
2) 创建数据库

3) 高级安装

4) 选择数据库类型是 RAC 类型，配置类型是 Admin-Managed

5) 设置数据库名，并且选择创建 Container database

6) 选择节点

7) OEM 和 CVU 配置

8) 密码设置

9) 选择 ASM 存储

10) 在 CDB 数据库类型中，默认所有组件都选择

11) 其他配置选项

12) 内存和字符集配置

13) 创建选项

14) 前提检查

15) 总结

16) 开始安装

4. 资源检查

[grid@vastdata12~]$crsctlstatres-t--------------------------------------------------------------------------------NameTargetStateServerStatedetails--------------------------------------------------------------------------------LocalResources--------------------------------------------------------------------------------ora.DATA.dgONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.FRA.dgONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.LISTENER.lsnrONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.asmONLINEONLINEvastdata11Started,STABLEONLINEONLINEvastdata12Started,STABLEora.net1.networkONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.onsONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLE--------------------------------------------------------------------------------ClusterResources--------------------------------------------------------------------------------ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.LISTENER_SCAN2.lsnr1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEora.LISTENER_SCAN3.lsnr1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEora.MGMTLSNR1ONLINEOFFLINE169.254.67.24210.0.0.4,STABLEora.cdb.db1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11Open,STABLE2ONLINEONLINEvastdata12Open,STABLEora.cvu1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEora.mgmtdb1ONLINEOFFLINESTABLEora.oc4j1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEora.scan1.vip1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.scan2.vip1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEora.scan3.vip1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEora.vastdata11.vip1ONLINEONLINEvastdata11STABLEora.vastdata12.vip1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLE--------------------------------------------------------------------------------[grid@vastdata12~]$crsctlstatres-t-init--------------------------------------------------------------------------------NameTargetStateServerStatedetails--------------------------------------------------------------------------------ClusterResources--------------------------------------------------------------------------------ora.asm1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12Started,STABLEora.cluster_interconnect.haip1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.crf1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.crsd1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.cssd1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.cssdmonitor1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.ctssd1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12ACTIVE:0,STABLEora.diskmon1OFFLINEOFFLINESTABLEora.drivers.acfs1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.evmd1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.gipcd1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.gpnpd1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.mdnsd1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLEora.storage1ONLINEONLINEvastdata12STABLE--------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. PDB 启动/连接1) 连接到 CDB

[oracle@vastdata11~]$exportORACLE_SID=cdb1[oracle@vastdata11~]$sqlplus/assysdbaSQL*Plus:Release12.1.0.2.0ProductiononWedMay1506:49:242019Copyright(c)1982,2014,Oracle.Allrightsreserved.Connectedto:OracleDatabase12cEnterpriseEditionRelease12.1.0.2.0-64bitProductionWiththePartitioning,RealApplicationClusters,AutomaticStorageManagement,OLAP,AdvancedAnalyticsandRealApplicationTestingoptionsSQL>SELECTNAME,CDB,CON_IDFROMV$DATABASE;NAMECDBCON_ID----------------------------------CDBYES0SQL>selectname,cdb,con_idfromv$database;NAMECDBCON_ID----------------------------------CDBYES0SQL>SELECTSYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CON_NAME')FROMDUAL;SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CON_NAME')--------------------------------------------------------------------------------CDB$ROOTSQL>selectsys_context('userenv','con_name')fromdual;SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CON_NAME')--------------------------------------------------------------------------------CDB$ROOT2) 启动PDB，并从cdb switchover到pdb

SQL>alterpluggabledatabasepdbopen;alterpluggabledatabasepdbopen*ERRORatline1:ORA-65019:pluggabledatabasePDBalreadyopenSQL>altersessionsetcontainer=pdb;Sessionaltered.3) 查看PDB信息

SQL>colnameformata15SQL>setlinesize160SQL>colpdb_nameformata15SQL>selectcon_id,dbid,guid,name,open_modefromv$pdbs;CON_IDDBIDGUIDNAMEOPEN_MODE---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3345410775588EB774565FA4F12E0530B38A8C09990PDBREADWRITE

至此，本次12C-CDB容器数据库部署完成。