Linux下误删文件应急恢复 维护中难免遇到状态不好的时候或者新人操作不当，一个rm –f *删除了大量的文件，导致生产重大故障，这个时候我们需要考虑文件恢复，为了能够应对这种情况，在这里讨论一个网上常用的恢复工具：extundelete，该工具支持ext3或者ext4.1 安装首先安装好准备包：[root@redhat1 home]# yum install e2fs* --安装extundelete软件的依赖包[root@redhat1 home]# rpm -aq |grep e2fs --检查软件包是否安装e2fsprogs-devel-1.41.12-14.el6.i686e2fsprogs-libs-1.41.12-14.el6.i686e2fsprogs-1.41.12-14.el6.i686确认gcc编译工具齐全gcc+开始安装tar xvf extundelete-0.2.4.tar.bz2. /configuremakemake install2 使用方法root@localhost bin]# ./extundeleteNo action specified; implying --superblock../extundelete: Missing device name.Usage: ./extundelete [options] [--] device-fileOptions: --version, -[vV] Print version and exit successfully. --help, Print this help and exit successfully. --superblock Print contents of superblock in addition to the rest. If no action is specified then this option is implied. --journal Show content of journal. --after dtime Only process entries deleted on or after 'dtime'.根据时间点恢复之后的文件。 --before dtime Only process entries deleted before 'dtime'.根据时间点恢复之前的。Actions: --inode ino Show info on inode 'ino'. --block blk Show info on block 'blk'. --restore-inode ino[,ino,...] Restore the file(s) with known inode number 'ino'. The restored files are created in ./RECOVERED_FILES with their inode number as extension (ie, file.12345). --restore-file 'path' Will restore file 'path'. 'path' is relative to root of the partition and does not start with a '/' The restored file is created in the current directory as 'RECOVERED_FILES/path'. --restore-files 'path' Will restore files which are listed in the file 'path'. Each filename should be in the same format as an option to --restore-file, and there should be one per line. --restore-directory 'path' Will restore directory 'path'. 'path' is relative to the root directory of the file system. The restored directory is created in the output directory as 'path'. --restore-all Attempts to restore everything. -j journal Reads an external journal from the named file. -b blocknumber Uses the backup superblock at blocknumber when opening the file system. -B blocksize Uses blocksize as the block size when opening the file system. The number should be the number of bytes. --log 0 Make the program silent. --log filename Logs all messages to filename.--log D1=0,D2=filename Custom control of log messages with comma-separated Examples below: list of options. Dn must be one of info, warn, or --log info,error error. Omission of the '=name' results in messages --log warn=0 with the specified level to be logged to the console. --log error=filename If the parameter is '=0', logging for the specified level will be turned off. If the parameter is '=filename', messages with that level will be written to filename. -o directory Save the recovered files to the named directory. The restored files are created in a directory named 'RECOVERED_FILES/' by default../extundelete: Error parsing command-line options.3 实验恢复创建目录/boot/test创建测试文件[root@localhost test]# ls -rlttotal 12-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 21 Oct 9 17:11 1111111111111112.txt-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 13 Oct 9 17:11 1111111111111111.txt-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 24 Oct 9 17:11 1111111111111113.txt删除文件rm –rf *4 恢复cd /usr/local/bin/查看可恢复的文件和目录。./extundelete /dev/sda1 --ls --inode 2直接恢复文件到当前目录。./extundelete /dev/sda1 --restore-all查看当前目录：RECOVERED_FILES 就可以看到删除的文件。直接恢复指定的文件./extundelete /dev/sda1 --restore-file vmlinuz-2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64直接恢复制定的文件夹./extundelete /dev/sda1 --restore-directory test网上可参考学习https://my.oschina.net/fufangchun/blog/176550