Oracle 19C Data Guard基础运维-05Failovers (GAP)

2025-04-09 技术教程

原主库

原备库

Failovers

新主库

独立库

192.168.31.90

192.168.31.100

192.168.31.90

cjcdb

chendb

cjcdb

Failover：

https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/19/sbydb/data-guard-concepts-and-administration.pdf

Figure 9-4 Failover to a Standby Database

Performing a Failover to a Physical Standby Database

关于archive gap的问题？

上一篇博客《04 Failovers疑问？》写了关于archive gap的疑问，在实验中，我提前将备库关机，主库端插入大量数据产生3个归档文件，并手动将最后3个归档文件重命名，目的是不让备库获取到这三个归档文件，在启动备库，试图模拟出备库archive gap场景，但是在备库端v$archive_gap中显示空的，备库没有检测出archive gap的存在吗？

实际上是本人对archive gap概念存在一些误解，比如主库有1到100个归档，我认为只要有任何归档文件在备库端获取失败都会出现archive gap，都会记录到v$archive_gap，通过上一篇实验发现这种理论显然是不对的，我强制将主库98,99,100三个归档文件重命名，备库端并没有出现archive gap，即在v$archive_gap中不会有数据。

那么究竟什么场景才会出现archive gap？真实的场景是，备库在接收主库归档文件时有部分没有接收成功，但后续的归档文件又接收成功了，比如主库1到100个归档文件，出于某种原因，备库没有接收到97,98两个归档，但是后面的99,100归档又能正常接收，这时就会产生archive gap，在v$archive_gap会查到97,98归档信息。(感谢墨天轮平台“你好我是李白”的答疑解惑)

实验过程如下：

场景二：archive gap下的failover

主库模拟故障，模拟归档gap：

先停掉备库:不接收主库产生的redo或归档数据

SQL> shutdown immediate

主库：生成测试数据，生成redo和归档数据

---session 1

SQL>

declare

begin

for i in 1 .. 1000000loop

insert into test1 values (i);

commit;

end loop;

end;

插入数据期间，生成了3个归档文件

[oracle@cjcos01 arch]$ pwd

/arch

......

cjcpdb_arch_1_74_1030641846.arc

cjcpdb_arch_1_75_1030641846.arc

cjcpdb_arch_1_76_1030641846.arc

主库重命名新产生的前两个归档文件，模拟归档gap

[oracle@cjcos01 arch]$ mv cjcpdb_arch_1_74_1030641846.arc cjcpdb_arch_1_74_1030641846.arc.bak

[oracle@cjcos01 arch]$ mv cjcpdb_arch_1_75_1030641846.arc cjcpdb_arch_1_75_1030641846.arc.bak

再次插入部分数据

SQL>

declare

begin

for i in 1 .. 10000loop

insert into test1 values (i);

commit;

end loop;

end;

启动备库：

SQL> startup

--备库启动时，查看对应主库日志，提示找不到74,75两个归档文件，无法将74,75发送到备库端。

2020-04-19T18:37:53.170879+08:00

Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/cjcdb/cjcdb/trace/cjcdb_tt00_2349.trc:

ORA-00308: cannot open archived log '/arch/cjcpdb_arch_1_75_1030641846.arc'

ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status

Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory

Additional information: 7

2020-04-19T18:37:53.171203+08:00

Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/cjcdb/cjcdb/trace/cjcdb_tt00_2349.trc:

ORA-00308: cannot open archived log '/arch/cjcpdb_arch_1_74_1030641846.arc'

ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status

Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory

Additional information: 7

备库：查看archive log，实际应该是74到75，不清楚为什么会显示73

SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;

SQL> select thread#, low_sequence#, high_sequence# from v$archive_gap;

THREAD# LOW_SEQUENCE# HIGH_SEQUENCE#

---------- ------------- --------------

1 73 75

备库：没有接收到74,75两个归档文件

主库重命名system01.dbf模拟数据库故障

[oracle@cjcos01 arch]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/CJCDB/

[oracle@cjcos01 CJCDB]$ mv system01.dbf system01.dbf.bak

SQL> alter system checkpoint;

SQL> shutdown abort

主库启动失败

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1375728192 bytes

Fixed Size 9134656 bytes

Variable Size 1107296256 bytes

Database Buffers 251658240 bytes

Redo Buffers 7639040 bytes

Database mounted.

ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file

ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/CJCDB/system01.dbf'

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;

OPEN_MODE

--------------------

MOUNTED

备库：

1.检查dg恢复模式(最大性能模式)

SQL> select database_role,protection_level,protection_mode from v$database;

DATABASE_ROLE PROTECTION_LEVEL PROTECTION_MODE

---------------- -------------------- --------------------

PHYSICAL STANDBY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE

2 检查archive_gap，实际应该是74到75，不清楚为什么会显示73

SQL> select thread#, low_sequence#, high_sequence# from v$archive_gap;

THREAD# LOW_SEQUENCE# HIGH_SEQUENCE#

---------- ------------- --------------

1 73 75

主库：

SQL> select name from v$archived_log where thread#=1 and sequence# between 73 and 75;

NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/arch/cjcpdb_arch_1_73_1030641846.arc

/arch/cjcpdb_arch_1_74_1030641846.arc

/arch/cjcpdb_arch_1_75_1030641846.arc

将73归档文件拷贝到备库端

[oracle@cjcos01 arch]$ scp cjcpdb_arch_1_73_1030641846.arc cjcos02:/arch

主库在mount状态下执行flush redo操作

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH REDO TO chendb;

ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH REDO TO chendb

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-16416: No viable switchover targets available

备库：手动注册73号归档，也显示归档已经注册了

SQL> alter database register logfile '/arch/cjcpdb_arch_1_73_1030641846.arc';

alter database register logfile '/arch/cjcpdb_arch_1_73_1030641846.arc'

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-16089: archive log has already been registered

但是archive gap还是显示有73

SQL> select thread#, low_sequence#, high_sequence# from v$archive_gap;

THREAD# LOW_SEQUENCE# HIGH_SEQUENCE#

---------- ------------- --------------

1 73 75

主库：将74号归档文件名改回来

[oracle@cjcos01 arch]$ mv cjcpdb_arch_1_74_1030641846.arc.bak cjcpdb_arch_1_74_1030641846.arc

再次执行flush redo

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH REDO TO chendb;

ALTER SYSTEM FLUSH REDO TO chendb

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-16416: No viable switchover targets available

查看主库日志，主库已经将74归档发生备库端了，开始尝试读取75号归档文件。

如果flush redo命令没生效，也可以将归档文件拷到备库端，手动执行注册

SQL> ALTER DATABASE REGISTER PHYSICAL LOGFILE 'filespec1';

备库：只有1个75号归档找不到了

SQL> select thread#, low_sequence#, high_sequence# from v$archive_gap;

THREAD# LOW_SEQUENCE# HIGH_SEQUENCE#

---------- ------------- --------------

1 75 75

备库：取消应用进程

SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;

Database altered.

备库：由于存在archive gap，是不允许常规的failover

SQL> ALTER DATABASE FAILOVER TO chendb;

ALTER DATABASE FAILOVER TO chendb

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors

ORA-16171: RECOVER...FINISH not allowed due to gap for thr 1, seq 75-75

备库：加force也不生效

SQL> ALTER DATABASE FAILOVER TO chendb force;

ALTER DATABASE FAILOVER TO chendb force

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors

ORA-16171: RECOVER...FINISH not allowed due to gap for thr 1, seq 75-75

强制failover:在存在archive gap情况下，强制执行failover，会丢失数据，正式环境谨慎使用！！！

Perform a data loss failover.

If an error condition cannot be resolved, a failover can still be performed (with some data loss) by issuing the following SQL statement on the target standby database:

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ACTIVATE PHYSICAL STANDBY DATABASE;

打开数据库

SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

查看数据

SQL> select count(*) from test1;

COUNT(*)

----------

252780

test1表丢失了1000000+1000-252780=748220条数据。

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