恢复被rm意外删除的数据文件

2025-04-09 技术教程

一.模拟数据文件删除

[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus /assysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 ProductiononSatDec31 22:00:52 2011Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.Allrights reserved.--数据库版本Connectedto:OracleDatabase11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit ProductionWiththe Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,OracleDatabaseVaultandRealApplication Testing options--所有数据文件SQL>selectnamefromv$datafile;NAME--------------------------------------------------------------------------------/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/system01.dbf/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/sysaux01.dbf/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/undotbs01.dbf/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf--删除example01.dbf数据文件SQL> !rm /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbfSQL> !ls -l /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbfls: /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf: 没有那个文件或目录--因为数据文件被删除，创建表失败SQL>createtablet_xifenfei tablespace example2asselect*fromdba_tables;asselect*fromdba_tables*ERRORatline 2:ORA-01116: errorinopeningdatabasefile 5ORA-01110: data file 5:'/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf'ORA-27041: unabletoopenfileLinux-x86_64 Error: 2:Nosuch fileordirectoryAdditional information: 3

二.找回数据文件
--查找dbw进程spid[oracle@node1 ~]$ps-ef|grepdbw|grep-vgreporacle 18387 1 0 Dec22 ? 00:00:12 ora_dbw0_ora11g--查看该进程所有文件句柄[oracle@node1 ~]$ ll/proc/18387/fd总计 0lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 0 ->/dev/nulll-wx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 1 ->/dev/nulllr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 10 ->/dev/zerolr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 11 ->/dev/zerolr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 12 ->/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/orazhs.msblrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 13 ->/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/hc_ora11g.datlr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 14 ->/proc/18387/fdlr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 15 ->/dev/zerolr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 16 ->/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/oraus.msblrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 17 ->/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/hc_ora11g.datlrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 18 ->/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/lkORA11Glr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 19 ->/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/orazhs.msbl-wx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 2 ->/dev/nulllr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 20 ->/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/oraus.msblrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 21 -> socket:[441562]lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 256 ->/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/control01.ctllrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 257 ->/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/system01.dbflrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 258 ->/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/sysaux01.dbflrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 259 ->/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/undotbs01.dbflrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 260 ->/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbflrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 261 ->/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf (deleted)lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 262 ->/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/temp01.dbflr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 3 ->/dev/nulllr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 4 ->/dev/nulllrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 5 ->/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/hc_ora11g.datlr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 6 ->/dev/nulllr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 7 ->/dev/nulllr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 8 ->/dev/nulllr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 9 ->/dev/null--通过句柄恢复数据文件[被删除数据文件会被标示(deleted)][oracle@node1 ~]$cp/proc/18387/fd/261/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf--确认该数据文件已经恢复成功[oracle@node1 ~]$ ll/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 362422272 12-31 22:05/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf

三.数据文件online
SQL>alterdatabasedatafile 5 offline;Databasealtered.
SQL> recover datafile 5;Media recovery complete.
SQL>alterdatabasedatafile 5 online;Databasealtered.
SQL>createtablet_xifenfei tablespace example2asselect*fromdba_tables;Tablecreated.

四.补充说明
在意外使用os命令删除掉数据文件时，千万不要慌张重启数据库或者操作系统，可以通过dbwn进程相关句柄找回数据文件

如果是unix系统，可能需要先通过lsof找到句柄，然后通过cp实现

[root@xifenfei ~]# tar xjf lsof_4.86.tar.bz2 [root@xifenfei lsof_4.86]# tar xvf lsof_4.86_src.tar [root@xifenfei lsof_4.86_src]# ./Configure No target dialect was specified. Usage: Configure <options> <target-dialect> <options>: -clean : clean up previous configuration -d|-dialects : display a list of supported dialect versions -h|-help : display help information -n : avoid AFS, customization, and inventory checks <target-dialect> (****USE -d TO GET TESTED DIALECT VERSION NUMBERS****): aix|aixgcc : IBM AIX xlc (aix) or gcc (aixgcc) darwin : Apple Darwin decosf : DEC OSF/1 digital_unix|du: Digital UNIX freebsd : FreeBSD hpux|hpuxgcc : HP-UX cc (hpux) or gcc (hpuxgcc) linux : Linux netbsd : NetBSD nextstep|next|ns|nxt : NEXTSTEP openbsd : OpenBSD openstep|os : OPENSTEP osr|sco : SCO OpenServer < 6.0.0, SCO devloper's compiler osrgcc|scogcc : SCO OpenServer < 6.0.0, gcc compiler osr6 : SCO OpenServer 6.0.0, SCO compiler solaris|solariscc : Solaris gcc (solaris) or cc (solariscc) tru64 : Tru64 UNIX unixware|uw : SCO|Caldera UnixWare [root@xifenfei lsof_4.86_src]# ./Configure linux [root@xifenfei lsof_4.86_src]# make [root@xifenfei lsof_4.86_src]# make install