安装Oracle客户端挺费时间的,而且大部分功能都用不到,Oracle官方给出了简易客户端,直接解压就可以使用,下载地址:http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/linuxx86-64soft-092277.html

下面来看安装步骤:

1、下载安装包,我这里把所有的都下载下来了

instantclient-basic-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip

instantclient-basiclite-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip

instantclient-jdbc-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip

instantclient-odbc-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0-2.zip

instantclient-sdk-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip

instantclient-sqlplus-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip

instantclient-tools-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip

2、unzip解压

解压出来一个目录instantclient_12_2

3、配置环境变量

export ORACLE_HOME=/home/tst1/instantclient_12_2

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME:$PATH

4、配置tns

[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$mkdir-pnetwork/admin[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$cdnetwork/admin/[tst1@rhel7admin]$cattnsnames.oraora11g=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.56.22)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVER=DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME=ora11g)))

5、测试sqlplus,成功

[tst1@rhel7admin]$sqlpluszx/zx@ora11gSQL*Plus:Release12.2.0.1.0ProductiononThuNov1612:48:332017Copyright(c)1982,2016,Oracle.Allrightsreserved.Connectedto:OracleDatabase11gEnterpriseEditionRelease11.2.0.4.0-64bitProductionWiththePartitioning,OLAP,DataMiningandRealApplicationTestingoptionsSQL>

6、安装sqlldr,我安装的这个版本的简易客户端中有sqlldr,如果没有的话需要从其他客户端或服务端中拷贝,但是我测试执行sqlldr报错:

[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$sqlldrMessage2100notfound;Nomessagefileforproduct=RDBMS,facility=ULMessage2100notfound;Nomessagefileforproduct=RDBMS,facility=UL[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$

因为缺少mesg文件,从服务端把rdbms/mesg下的文件全部拷贝

[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$mkdir-prdbms/mesg[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$cp/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/rdbms/mesg/*rdbms/mesg/

再次执行sqlldr成功

7、安装oerr,简易客户端中没有oerr命令,需要从服务端拷贝

[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$cp/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/bin/oerr./[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$oerr/home/tst1/instantclient_12_2/oerr:line29:/home/tst1/instantclient_12_2/perl/bin/perl:Nosuchfileordirectory

执行报错,说明缺少文件,从服务端拷贝

[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$cp-r/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/perl/*./[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$cp-r/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/perl/*./perl/[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$oerrora1Can'topenperlscript"/home/tst1/instantclient_12_2/bin/oerr.pl":(null)[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$mkdirbin[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$scp/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/bin/oerr.pl./bin/[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$oerrora1Couldnotopenfacilitieslistfile:/home/tst1/instantclient_12_2/lib/facility.lis2[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$mkdirlib[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$cp/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/lib/facility.lis./lib/[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$oerrora100001,00000,"uniqueconstraint(%s.%s)violated"//*Cause:AnUPDATEorINSERTstatementattemptedtoinsertaduplicatekey.//ForTrustedOracleconfiguredinDBMSMACmode,youmaysee//thismessageifaduplicateentryexistsatadifferentlevel.//*Action:Eitherremovetheuniquerestrictionordonotinsertthekey.

注意:oerr也使用到了rdbms/mesg目录下的文件,只不过第6步把整个目录都拷贝过来了,这里就省事了。

8、安装tnsping,简易安装包里也没有这个工具,需要从服务端拷贝

[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$cp/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/bin/tnsping./[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$tnspingTNSPingUtilityforLinux:Version12.2.0.1.0-Productionon16-NOV-201713:09:12Copyright(c)1997,2016,Oracle.Allrightsreserved.TNS-03502:Message3502notfound;Nomessagefileforproduct=network,facility=TNS

执行报错,因为缺少mesg文件

[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$cp-r/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/network/mesg/./network/[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$tnsping192.168.56.22:1521/ora11gTNSPingUtilityforLinux:Version12.2.0.1.0-Productionon16-NOV-201713:11:04Copyright(c)1997,2016,Oracle.Allrightsreserved.Usedparameterfiles:UsedHOSTNAMEadaptertoresolvethealiasAttemptingtocontact(DESCRIPTION=(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=ora11g))(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.56.22)(PORT=1521)))OK(10msec)

安装成功。

9、安装exp、imp、expdp、impdp,安装包中没有,直接从服务端拷贝

[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$cp/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/bin/imp./[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$cp/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/bin/exp./[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$cp/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/bin/impdp./[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$cp/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/bin/expdp./

imp和exp测试没有问题,但expdp和impdp报错:

[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$expdpSegmentationfault[tst1@rhel7instantclient_12_2]$impdpSegmentationfault

查询MOS找到解决方法,在环境变量中添加export NLS_LANG=American_America.ZHS16GBK

问题解决。

至此,简单客户端安装完成,可以把整个目录打个包,给其他机器安装时直接解压,配置环境变量就可以使用了。比安装客户端方便的多。

备注:

如果在使用某个工具报缺少库文件时可以使用ldd命令查看该命令缺少哪个库文件,如下所示:

[root@host77instantclient_11_2]#lddsqlldrlinux-vdso.so.1=>(0x00007fffe63fe000)libclntsh.so.11.1=>notfoundlibnnz11.so=>notfoundlibpthread.so.0=>/lib64/libpthread.so.0(0x00007f014b85c000)libdl.so.2=>/lib64/libdl.so.2(0x00007f014b658000)libm.so.6=>/lib64/libm.so.6(0x00007f014b355000)libnsl.so.1=>/lib64/libnsl.so.1(0x00007f014b13c000)libc.so.6=>/lib64/libc.so.6(0x00007f014ad7b000)/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2(0x00007f014ba8b000)

从上面的输出可以看出缺少libclntsh.so.11.1和libnnz11.so这两个文件,从服务端拷贝即可。


参考:http://hanqunfeng.iteye.com/blog/1955277