MySQL中多实例配置和管理的示例分析

2025-03-27 技术教程

这篇文章主要介绍MySQL中多实例配置和管理的示例分析，文中介绍的非常详细，具有一定的参考价值，感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要看完！

mysql的多实例有两种方式可以实现，两种方式各有利弊。

第一种是使用多个配置文件启动不同的进程来实现多实例，这种方式的优势逻辑简单，配置简单，缺点是管理起来不太方便。

第二种是通过官方自带的mysqld_multi使用单独的配置文件来实现多实例，这种方式定制每个实例的配置不太方面，优点是管理起来很方便，集中管理。

下面就分别来实战这两种多实例的安装和管理

先来学习第一种使用多个配置文件启动多个不同进程的情况：

环境介绍：

mysql 版本：5.1.50

操作系统：SUSE 11

mysql实例数：3个

实例占用端口分别为：3306、3307、3308

创建mysql用户：

/usr/sbin/groupaddmysql/usr/sbin/useradd-gmysqlmysql

编译安装mysql：

tarxzvfmysql-5.1.50.tar.gzcdmysql-5.1.50./configure'--prefix=/usr/local/mysql''--with-charset=utf8''--with-extra-charsets=complex''--with-pthread''--enable-thread-safe-client''--with-ssl''--with-client-ldflags=-all-static''--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static''--with-plugins=partition,innobase,blackhole,myisam,innodb_plugin,heap,archive''--enable-shared''--enable-assembler'makemakeinstall

初始化数据库：

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db--basedir=/usr/local/mysql--datadir=/data/dbdata_3306--user=mysql/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db--basedir=/usr/local/mysql--datadir=/data/dbdata_3307--user=mysql/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db--basedir=/usr/local/mysql--datadir=/data/dbdata_3308--user=mysql

创建配置文件

vim /data/dbdata_3306/my.cnf

3306的配置文件如下：

[client]port=3306socket=/data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock[mysqld]datadir=/data/dbdata_3306/skip-name-resolvelower_case_table_names=1innodb_file_per_table=1port=3306socket=/data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sockback_log=50max_connections=300max_connect_errors=1000table_open_cache=2048max_allowed_packet=16Mbinlog_cache_size=2Mmax_heap_table_size=64Msort_buffer_size=2Mjoin_buffer_size=2Mthread_cache_size=64thread_concurrency=8query_cache_size=64Mquery_cache_limit=2Mft_min_word_len=4default-storage-engine=innodbthread_stack=192Ktransaction_isolation=REPEATABLE-READtmp_table_size=64Mlog-bin=mysql-binbinlog_format=mixedslow_query_loglong_query_time=1server-id=1key_buffer_size=8Mread_buffer_size=2Mread_rnd_buffer_size=2Mbulk_insert_buffer_size=64Mmyisam_sort_buffer_size=128Mmyisam_max_sort_file_size=10Gmyisam_repair_threads=1myisam_recoverinnodb_additional_mem_pool_size=16Minnodb_buffer_pool_size=200Minnodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:10M:autoextendinnodb_file_io_threads=8innodb_thread_concurrency=16innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1innodb_log_buffer_size=16Minnodb_log_file_size=512Minnodb_log_files_in_group=3innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct=60innodb_lock_wait_timeout=120[mysqldump]quickmax_allowed_packet=256M[mysql]no-auto-rehashprompt=\\u@\\d\\R:\\m>[myisamchk]key_buffer_size=512Msort_buffer_size=512Mread_buffer=8Mwrite_buffer=8M[mysqlhotcopy]interactive-timeout[mysqld_safe]open-files-limit=8192

vim /data/dbdata_3307/my.cnf

3307的配置文件如下：

[client]port=3307socket=/data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock[mysqld]datadir=/data/dbdata_3307/skip-name-resolvelower_case_table_names=1innodb_file_per_table=1port=3307socket=/data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sockback_log=50max_connections=300max_connect_errors=1000table_open_cache=2048max_allowed_packet=16Mbinlog_cache_size=2Mmax_heap_table_size=64Msort_buffer_size=2Mjoin_buffer_size=2Mthread_cache_size=64thread_concurrency=8query_cache_size=64Mquery_cache_limit=2Mft_min_word_len=4default-storage-engine=innodbthread_stack=192Ktransaction_isolation=REPEATABLE-READtmp_table_size=64Mlog-bin=mysql-binbinlog_format=mixedslow_query_loglong_query_time=1server-id=1key_buffer_size=8Mread_buffer_size=2Mread_rnd_buffer_size=2Mbulk_insert_buffer_size=64Mmyisam_sort_buffer_size=128Mmyisam_max_sort_file_size=10Gmyisam_repair_threads=1myisam_recoverinnodb_additional_mem_pool_size=16Minnodb_buffer_pool_size=200Minnodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:10M:autoextendinnodb_file_io_threads=8innodb_thread_concurrency=16innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1innodb_log_buffer_size=16Minnodb_log_file_size=512Minnodb_log_files_in_group=3innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct=60innodb_lock_wait_timeout=120[mysqldump]quickmax_allowed_packet=256M[mysql]no-auto-rehashprompt=\\u@\\d\\R:\\m>[myisamchk]key_buffer_size=512Msort_buffer_size=512Mread_buffer=8Mwrite_buffer=8M[mysqlhotcopy]interactive-timeout[mysqld_safe]open-files-limit=8192

vim /data/dbdata_3308/my.cnf

3308的配置文件如下：

[client]port=3308socket=/data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock[mysqld]datadir=/data/dbdata_3308/skip-name-resolvelower_case_table_names=1innodb_file_per_table=1port=3308socket=/data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sockback_log=50max_connections=300max_connect_errors=1000table_open_cache=2048max_allowed_packet=16Mbinlog_cache_size=2Mmax_heap_table_size=64Msort_buffer_size=2Mjoin_buffer_size=2Mthread_cache_size=64thread_concurrency=8query_cache_size=64Mquery_cache_limit=2Mft_min_word_len=4default-storage-engine=innodbthread_stack=192Ktransaction_isolation=REPEATABLE-READtmp_table_size=64Mlog-bin=mysql-binbinlog_format=mixedslow_query_loglong_query_time=1server-id=1key_buffer_size=8Mread_buffer_size=2Mread_rnd_buffer_size=2Mbulk_insert_buffer_size=64Mmyisam_sort_buffer_size=128Mmyisam_max_sort_file_size=10Gmyisam_repair_threads=1myisam_recoverinnodb_additional_mem_pool_size=16Minnodb_buffer_pool_size=200Minnodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:10M:autoextendinnodb_file_io_threads=8innodb_thread_concurrency=16innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1innodb_log_buffer_size=16Minnodb_log_file_size=512Minnodb_log_files_in_group=3innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct=60innodb_lock_wait_timeout=120[mysqldump]quickmax_allowed_packet=256M[mysql]no-auto-rehashprompt=\\u@\\d\\R:\\m>[myisamchk]key_buffer_size=512Msort_buffer_size=512Mread_buffer=8Mwrite_buffer=8M[mysqlhotcopy]interactive-timeout[mysqld_safe]open-files-limit=8192

创建自动启动文件

vim /data/dbdata_3306/mysqld

3306的启动文件如下：

#!/bin/bashmysql_port=3306mysql_username="admin"mysql_password="password"function_start_mysql(){printf"StartingMySQL...\n"/bin/sh/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe--defaults-file=/data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/my.cnf2>&1>/dev/null&}function_stop_mysql(){printf"StopingMySQL...\n"/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin-u${mysql_username}-p${mysql_password}-S/data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysql.sockshutdown}function_restart_mysql(){printf"RestartingMySQL...\n"function_stop_mysqlfunction_start_mysql}function_kill_mysql(){kill-9$(ps-ef|grep'bin/mysqld_safe'|grep${mysql_port}|awk'{printf$2}')kill-9$(ps-ef|grep'libexec/mysqld'|grep${mysql_port}|awk'{printf$2}')}case$1instart)function_start_mysql;;stop)function_stop_mysql;;kill)function_kill_mysql;;restart)function_stop_mysqlfunction_start_mysql;;*)echo"Usage:/data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysqld{start|stop|restart|kill}";;esac

vim /data/dbdata_3307/mysqld

3307的启动文件如下：

#!/bin/bashmysql_port=3307mysql_username="admin"mysql_password="password"function_start_mysql(){printf"StartingMySQL...\n"/bin/sh/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe--defaults-file=/data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/my.cnf2>&1>/dev/null&}function_stop_mysql(){printf"StopingMySQL...\n"/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin-u${mysql_username}-p${mysql_password}-S/data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysql.sockshutdown}function_restart_mysql(){printf"RestartingMySQL...\n"function_stop_mysqlfunction_start_mysql}function_kill_mysql(){kill-9$(ps-ef|grep'bin/mysqld_safe'|grep${mysql_port}|awk'{printf$2}')kill-9$(ps-ef|grep'libexec/mysqld'|grep${mysql_port}|awk'{printf$2}')}case$1instart)function_start_mysql;;stop)function_stop_mysql;;kill)function_kill_mysql;;restart)function_stop_mysqlfunction_start_mysql;;*)echo"Usage:/data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysqld{start|stop|restart|kill}";;esac

vim /data/dbdata_3308/mysqld

3308的启动文件如下：

#!/bin/bashmysql_port=3308mysql_username="admin"mysql_password="password"function_start_mysql(){printf"StartingMySQL...\n"/bin/sh/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe--defaults-file=/data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/my.cnf2>&1>/dev/null&}function_stop_mysql(){printf"StopingMySQL...\n"/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin-u${mysql_username}-p${mysql_password}-S/data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysql.sockshutdown}function_restart_mysql(){printf"RestartingMySQL...\n"function_stop_mysqlfunction_start_mysql}function_kill_mysql(){kill-9$(ps-ef|grep'bin/mysqld_safe'|grep${mysql_port}|awk'{printf$2}')kill-9$(ps-ef|grep'libexec/mysqld'|grep${mysql_port}|awk'{printf$2}')}case$1instart)function_start_mysql;;stop)function_stop_mysql;;kill)function_kill_mysql;;restart)function_stop_mysqlfunction_start_mysql;;*)echo"Usage:/data/dbdata_${mysql_port}/mysqld{start|stop|restart|kill}";;esac

启动3306、3307、3308的mysql

/data/dbdata_3306/mysqldstart/data/dbdata_3307/mysqldstart/data/dbdata_3308/mysqldstart

更改原来密码（处于安全考虑，还需要删除系统中没有密码的帐号，这里省略了）：

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin-urootpassword'password'-S/data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sock/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin-urootpassword'password'-S/data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sock/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin-urootpassword'password'-S/data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock

登录测试并创建关闭mysql的帐号权限，mysqld脚本要用到！

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql-uroot-ppassword-S/data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sockGRANTSHUTDOWNON*.*TO'admin'@'localhost'IDENTIFIEDBY'password';flushprivileges;/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql-uroot-ppassword-S/data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sockGRANTSHUTDOWNON*.*TO'admin'@'localhost'IDENTIFIEDBY'password';flushprivileges;/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql-uroot-ppassword-S/data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sockGRANTSHUTDOWNON*.*TO'admin'@'localhost'IDENTIFIEDBY'password';flushprivileges;

创建了admin帐号以后脚本的stop功能和restart功能就正常了！

更改环境变量

vim/etc/profile添加下面一行内容PATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/mysql/bin/source/etc/profile

添加到自动启动

vim/etc/init.d/boot.local/data/dbdata_3306/mysqldstart/data/dbdata_3307/mysqldstart/data/dbdata_3308/mysqldstart

如果是rhel或者centos系统的话自启动文件/etc/rc.local

管理的话，在本地都是采用 -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock，如果在远程可以通过不同的端口连接上去坐管理操作。其他的和单实例的管理没什么区别！

再来看第二种通过官方自带的mysqld_multi来实现多实例实战：

这里的mysql安装以及数据库的初始化和前面的步骤一样，就不再赘述。

mysqld_multi的配置

vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld_multi]mysqld=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safemysqladmin=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladminuser=adminpassword=password[mysqld1]socket=/data/dbdata_3306/mysql.sockport=3306pid-file=/data/dbdata_3306/3306.piddatadir=/data/dbdata_3306user=mysqlskip-name-resolvelower_case_table_names=1innodb_file_per_table=1back_log=50max_connections=300max_connect_errors=1000table_open_cache=2048max_allowed_packet=16Mbinlog_cache_size=2Mmax_heap_table_size=64Msort_buffer_size=2Mjoin_buffer_size=2Mthread_cache_size=64thread_concurrency=8query_cache_size=64Mquery_cache_limit=2Mft_min_word_len=4default-storage-engine=innodbthread_stack=192Ktransaction_isolation=REPEATABLE-READtmp_table_size=64Mlog-bin=mysql-binbinlog_format=mixedslow_query_loglong_query_time=1server-id=1key_buffer_size=8Mread_buffer_size=2Mread_rnd_buffer_size=2Mbulk_insert_buffer_size=64Mmyisam_sort_buffer_size=128Mmyisam_max_sort_file_size=10Gmyisam_repair_threads=1myisam_recoverinnodb_additional_mem_pool_size=16Minnodb_buffer_pool_size=200Minnodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:10M:autoextendinnodb_file_io_threads=8innodb_thread_concurrency=16innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1innodb_log_buffer_size=16Minnodb_log_file_size=512Minnodb_log_files_in_group=3innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct=60innodb_lock_wait_timeout=120[mysqld2]socket=/data/dbdata_3307/mysql.sockport=3307pid-file=/data/dbdata_3307/3307.piddatadir=/data/dbdata_3307user=mysqlskip-name-resolvelower_case_table_names=1innodb_file_per_table=1back_log=50max_connections=300max_connect_errors=1000table_open_cache=2048max_allowed_packet=16Mbinlog_cache_size=2Mmax_heap_table_size=64Msort_buffer_size=2Mjoin_buffer_size=2Mthread_cache_size=64thread_concurrency=8query_cache_size=64Mquery_cache_limit=2Mft_min_word_len=4default-storage-engine=innodbthread_stack=192Ktransaction_isolation=REPEATABLE-READtmp_table_size=64Mlog-bin=mysql-binbinlog_format=mixedslow_query_loglong_query_time=1server-id=1key_buffer_size=8Mread_buffer_size=2Mread_rnd_buffer_size=2Mbulk_insert_buffer_size=64Mmyisam_sort_buffer_size=128Mmyisam_max_sort_file_size=10Gmyisam_repair_threads=1myisam_recoverinnodb_additional_mem_pool_size=16Minnodb_buffer_pool_size=200Minnodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:10M:autoextendinnodb_file_io_threads=8innodb_thread_concurrency=16innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1innodb_log_buffer_size=16Minnodb_log_file_size=512Minnodb_log_files_in_group=3innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct=60innodb_lock_wait_timeout=120[mysqld3]socket=/data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sockport=3308pid-file=/data/dbdata_3308/3308.piddatadir=/data/dbdata_3308user=mysqlskip-name-resolvelower_case_table_names=1innodb_file_per_table=1back_log=50max_connections=300max_connect_errors=1000table_open_cache=2048max_allowed_packet=16Mbinlog_cache_size=2Mmax_heap_table_size=64Msort_buffer_size=2Mjoin_buffer_size=2Mthread_cache_size=64thread_concurrency=8query_cache_size=64Mquery_cache_limit=2Mft_min_word_len=4default-storage-engine=innodbthread_stack=192Ktransaction_isolation=REPEATABLE-READtmp_table_size=64Mlog-bin=mysql-binbinlog_format=mixedslow_query_loglong_query_time=1server-id=1key_buffer_size=8Mread_buffer_size=2Mread_rnd_buffer_size=2Mbulk_insert_buffer_size=64Mmyisam_sort_buffer_size=128Mmyisam_max_sort_file_size=10Gmyisam_repair_threads=1myisam_recoverinnodb_additional_mem_pool_size=16Minnodb_buffer_pool_size=200Minnodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:10M:autoextendinnodb_file_io_threads=8innodb_thread_concurrency=16innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1innodb_log_buffer_size=16Minnodb_log_file_size=512Minnodb_log_files_in_group=3innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct=60innodb_lock_wait_timeout=120[mysqldump]quickmax_allowed_packet=256M[mysql]no-auto-rehashprompt=\\u@\\d\\R:\\m>[myisamchk]key_buffer_size=512Msort_buffer_size=512Mread_buffer=8Mwrite_buffer=8M[mysqlhotcopy]interactive-timeout[mysqld_safe]open-files-limit=8192

mysqld_multi启动

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multistart1/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multistart2/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multistart3

或者采用一条命令的形式：

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multistart1-3

更改原来密码（处于安全考虑，还需要删除系统中没有密码的帐号，这里省略了）：

登录测试并创建admin密码(停止mysql的时候需要使用到)

更改环境变量

vim/etc/profilePATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/mysql/bin/source/etc/profile

添加到自动启动

vim/etc/init.d/boot.local/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multistart1-3

如果是rhel或者centos系统的话自启动文件/etc/rc.local

管理的话，在本地都是采用 -S /data/dbdata_3308/mysql.sock，如果在远程可以通过不同的端口连接上去坐管理操作。其他的和单实例的管理没什么区别！