小编给大家分享一下如何实现Oracle查询sql错误信息的控制和定位，相信大部分人都还不怎么了解，因此分享这篇文章给大家参考一下，希望大家阅读完这篇文章后大有收获，下面让我们一起去了解一下吧！

环境准备

使用Oracle的精简版创建docker方式的demo环境

如何进行错误定位

场景：

假如有3行insert的sql语句，中间一行出错之后，后续继续执行的情况下，如何定位到第二行？

dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace

通过使用dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace可以得到ERROR at line xxx:的信息，这对我们较为有用，我们接下来进行确认

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$sqlplussystem/abcd1234@XE<<EOF>SETSERVEROUTPUTON>descstudent>deletefromstudent;>select*fromstudent;>insertintostudentvalues(1001,'liumiaocn');>insertintostudentvalues(1001,'liumiao');>insertintostudentvalues(1003,'michael');>select*fromstudent;>commit;>execdbms_output.put_line(dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace);>EOFSQL*Plus:Release11.2.0.2.0ProductiononSunOct2113:06:072018Copyright(c)1982,2011,Oracle.Allrightsreserved.Connectedto:OracleDatabase11gExpressEditionRelease11.2.0.2.0-64bitProductionSQL>SQL>NameNull?Type-----------------------------------------------------------------------------STUIDNOTNULLNUMBER(4)STUNAMEVARCHAR2(50)SQL>2rowsdeleted.SQL>norowsselectedSQL>1rowcreated.SQL>insertintostudentvalues(1001,'liumiao')*ERRORatline1:ORA-00001:uniqueconstraint(SYSTEM.SYS_C007024)violatedSQL>1rowcreated.SQL>STUIDSTUNAME------------------------------------------------------------1001liumiaocn1003michaelSQL>Commitcomplete.SQL>PL/SQLproceduresuccessfullycompleted.SQL>DisconnectedfromOracleDatabase11gExpressEditionRelease11.2.0.2.0-64bitProductionoracle@e871d42341c0:~$

可以看到，报错的时候提示了行号，但是行号是1，这是因为这种写法以一行为单位，自然是如此，如果是单个多行的存储过程，将会更加清晰。

ERRORatline1:ORA-00001:uniqueconstraint(SYSTEM.SYS_C007024)violated

所以我们将这个例子进行改造，三行insert的sql放到文件之中，然后在使用dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace来进行确认

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$cat/tmp/sqltest1.sqldescstudentdeletefromstudent;select*fromstudent;insertintostudentvalues(1001,'liumiaocn');insertintostudentvalues(1001,'liumiao');insertintostudentvalues(1003,'michael');select*fromstudent;commit;oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

然后在尝试一下是否能够确认行号，会发现仍然不能精确定位：

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$sqlplussystem/abcd1234@XE<<EOF>SETSERVEROUTPUTON>@/tmp/sqltest1.sql>execdbms_output.put_line(dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace);>EOFSQL*Plus:Release11.2.0.2.0ProductiononSunOct2113:08:272018Copyright(c)1982,2011,Oracle.Allrightsreserved.Connectedto:OracleDatabase11gExpressEditionRelease11.2.0.2.0-64bitProductionSQL>SQL>NameNull?Type-----------------------------------------------------------------------------STUIDNOTNULLNUMBER(4)STUNAMEVARCHAR2(50)2rowsdeleted.norowsselected1rowcreated.insertintostudentvalues(1001,'liumiao')*ERRORatline1:ORA-00001:uniqueconstraint(SYSTEM.SYS_C007024)violated1rowcreated.STUIDSTUNAME------------------------------------------------------------1001liumiaocn1003michaelCommitcomplete.SQL>PL/SQLproceduresuccessfullycompleted.SQL>DisconnectedfromOracleDatabase11gExpressEditionRelease11.2.0.2.0-64bitProductionoracle@e871d42341c0:~$

因为dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace更多的场景是在于存储过程的错误定位，接下来我们使用一个简单的存储过程例子来进行确认错误行号定位, 先看一个正常的存储过程，把上面的内容稍微修改一下：

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$cat/tmp/addstudent.sqlcreateorreplacePROCEDUREaddstudentsISstudent_countnumber;BEGINdeletefromstudent;selectcount(*)intostudent_countfromstudent;dbms_output.put('sqlsetcountbefore:');dbms_output.put_line(student_count);insertintostudentvalues(1001,'liumiaocn');insertintostudentvalues(1002,'liumiao');insertintostudentvalues(1003,'michael');selectcount(*)intostudent_countfromstudent;dbms_output.put('sqlsetcountafter:');dbms_output.put_line(student_count);END;/execaddstudents();oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

结果执行信息如下

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$sqlplussystem/liumiao123<<EOFsetserveroutputon;@/tmp/addstudent.sqlEOFSQL*Plus:Release11.2.0.2.0ProductiononMonOct2204:42:112018Copyright(c)1982,2011,Oracle.Allrightsreserved.Connectedto:OracleDatabase11gExpressEditionRelease11.2.0.2.0-64bitProductionSQL>SQL>Procedurecreated.sqlsetcountbefore:0sqlsetcountafter:3PL/SQLproceduresuccessfullycompleted.SQL>DisconnectedfromOracleDatabase11gExpressEditionRelease11.2.0.2.0-64bitProductionoracle@e871d42341c0:~$

接下来我们修改一下内容，使得第二行主键重复

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$cat/tmp/addstudent.sqlcreateorreplacePROCEDUREaddstudentsISstudent_countnumber;BEGINdeletefromstudent;selectcount(*)intostudent_countfromstudent;dbms_output.put('sqlsetcountbefore:');dbms_output.put_line(student_count);insertintostudentvalues(1001,'liumiaocn');insertintostudentvalues(1001,'liumiao');insertintostudentvalues(1003,'michael');selectcount(*)intostudent_countfromstudent;dbms_output.put('sqlsetcountafter:');dbms_output.put_line(student_count);END;/execaddstudents();oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

再次执行，自然会出错，但是可以看到，正确报出了所在行数，这是procedure的机制提示的信息

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$sqlplussystem/liumiao123<<EOFsetserveroutputon;@/tmp/addstudent.sqlEOFSQL*Plus:Release11.2.0.2.0ProductiononMonOct2204:44:252018Copyright(c)1982,2011,Oracle.Allrightsreserved.Connectedto:OracleDatabase11gExpressEditionRelease11.2.0.2.0-64bitProductionSQL>SQL>Procedurecreated.sqlsetcountbefore:0BEGINaddstudents();END;*ERRORatline1:ORA-00001:uniqueconstraint(SYSTEM.SYS_C007024)violatedORA-06512:at"SYSTEM.ADDSTUDENTS",line10ORA-06512:atline1SQL>DisconnectedfromOracleDatabase11gExpressEditionRelease11.2.0.2.0-64bitProductionoracle@e871d42341c0:~$

可以看到，ORA-06512: at “SYSTEM.ADDSTUDENTS”, line 10的信息就是我们期待的信息，提示出在这个存储过程的第10行执行出现问题，而实际可以使用dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace结合exception给出更为清晰地方式，比如：

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$cat/tmp/addstudent.sqlcreateorreplacePROCEDUREaddstudentsISstudent_countnumber;BEGINdeletefromstudent;selectcount(*)intostudent_countfromstudent;dbms_output.put('sqlsetcountbefore:');dbms_output.put_line(student_count);insertintostudentvalues(1001,'liumiaocn');insertintostudentvalues(1001,'liumiao');insertintostudentvalues(1003,'michael');selectcount(*)intostudent_countfromstudent;dbms_output.put('sqlsetcountafter:');dbms_output.put_line(student_count);exceptionwhenothersthendbms_output.put('exceptionhappendwithlineinfo:');dbms_output.put_line(dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace);END;/execaddstudents();oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

执行结果确认：

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$sqlplussystem/liumiao123<<EOFsetserveroutputon;@/tmp/addstudent.sqlEOFSQL*Plus:Release11.2.0.2.0ProductiononMonOct2204:49:272018Copyright(c)1982,2011,Oracle.Allrightsreserved.Connectedto:OracleDatabase11gExpressEditionRelease11.2.0.2.0-64bitProductionSQL>SQL>Procedurecreated.sqlsetcountbefore:0exceptionhappendwithlineinfo:ORA-06512:at"SYSTEM.ADDSTUDENTS",line10PL/SQLproceduresuccessfullycompleted.SQL>DisconnectedfromOracleDatabase11gExpressEditionRelease11.2.0.2.0-64bitProductionoracle@e871d42341c0:~$

这样则可以看出能够比较清晰地进行错误的定位了，但是由于功能受限，所以实际使用场景仍然较为有限，但是定位存储过程的信息则可以使用dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace等进行确认。

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