PostgreSQL中怎么实现海量数据无限空间存储

2025-03-22 技术教程

PostgreSQL中怎么实现海量数据无限空间存储，针对这个问题，这篇文章详细介绍了相对应的分析和解答，希望可以帮助更多想解决这个问题的小伙伴找到更简单易行的方法。

使用s3_fdw插件打通云数据库PostgreSQL与OSS之间的数据流转，无需复杂的程序操作，用户仅需要几行代码，即可轻松实现。下面我们就来展示在PostgreSQL中使用s3_fdw读写OSS外部表的操作过程：

#准备数据 postgres=#CREATETABLElocal_table(idinteger,namecharactervarying,passwordcharactervarying); CREATETABLE postgres=#insertintolocal_tableselectgenerate_series(1,40000000),md5(random()::text),md5(random()::text); INSERT040000000 #创建插件 postgres=#createextensions3_fdw; CREATEEXTENSION postgres=#CREATESERVERs3_fdw_serverFOREIGNDATAWRAPPERs3_fdwoptions(host's3-internal.cn-north-1.jdcloud-oss.com',bucket'postgresql'); CREATESERVER postgres=#CREATEUSERMAPPINGFORCURRENT_USERSERVERs3_fdw_serverOPTIONS(access_key_id'xxxxxx',secret_access_key'xxxxxx'); CREATEUSERMAPPING #创建外部表 postgres=#CREATEFOREIGNTABLElocal_table_oss_1_10000000(idinteger,namecharactervarying,passwordcharactervarying)SERVERs3_fdw_serverOPTIONS(dir's3_fdw_local_table/1_10000000/',format'csv'); CREATEFOREIGNTABLE postgres=#CREATEFOREIGNTABLElocal_table_oss_10000001_20000000(idinteger,namecharactervarying,passwordcharactervarying)SERVERs3_fdw_serverOPTIONS(dir's3_fdw_local_table/10000001_20000000/',format'csv'); CREATEFOREIGNTABLE postgres=#CREATEFOREIGNTABLElocal_table_oss_20000001_30000000(idinteger,namecharactervarying,passwordcharactervarying)SERVERs3_fdw_serverOPTIONS(dir's3_fdw_local_table/20000001_30000000/',format'csv'); CREATEFOREIGNTABLE postgres=#CREATEFOREIGNTABLElocal_table_oss_30000001_40000000(idinteger,namecharactervarying,passwordcharactervarying)SERVERs3_fdw_serverOPTIONS(dir's3_fdw_local_table/30000001_40000000/',format'csv'); CREATEFOREIGNTABLE #开启4个客户端，并行地将云PostgreSQL实例的数据导入OSS postgres=#insertintolocal_table_oss_1_10000000select*fromlocal_tablewhereid<=10000000; postgres=#insertintolocal_table_oss_10000001_20000000select*fromlocal_tablewhereid>=10000001andid<=20000000; postgres=#insertintolocal_table_oss_20000001_30000000select*fromlocal_tablewhereid>=20000001andid<=30000000; postgres=#insertintolocal_table_oss_30000001_40000000select*fromlocal_tablewhereid>=30000001andid<=40000000; #直接读取OSS数据源 postgres=#select*fromlocal_table_oss_1_10000000limit5; id|name|password ----+----------------------------------+---------------------------------- 1|b6c4d3e0efff1ff051ed7989ade43287|2859055a8d51b2f8888993887340fe7d 2|f718eb7452c59bae2ee06dd88eae1488|bd21f8468c8d2f5d7bb756a55203d204 3|95735e3472903502f0a08dc895220ff9|d06704faad7a247d29d6257af85d2906 4|3b690bb8912fe96567d04287fc9fa701|d04ad214f9dd1d22cb680b72a0a9d0bb 5|849842e47625c271de0221adc55608a6|8e961dcffcef418200f623c1b5f34d7f (5rows) #本地创建新表 postgres=#createtablelocal_table_2(likelocal_table); CREATETABLE postgres=#select*fromlocal_table_2; id|name|password ----+------+---------- (0rows) #开启4个客户端，并行地将数据从OSS上load到云PostgreSQL实例 postgres=#insertintolocal_table_2select*fromlocal_table_oss_1_10000000; postgres=#insertintolocal_table_2select*fromlocal_table_oss_10000001_20000000; postgres=#insertintolocal_table_2select*fromlocal_table_oss_20000001_30000000; postgres=#insertintolocal_table_2select*fromlocal_table_oss_30000001_40000000; #数据一致性校验 postgres=#selectsum(hashtext(t.*::text))fromlocal_tablet; sum ---------------- 10851381716282 (1row) postgres=#selectsum(hashtext(t.*::text))fromlocal_table_2t; sum ---------------- 10851381716282 (1row)