本篇内容主要讲解“MySQL多主复制和MySQL Galera的安装部署方法”，感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷，实用性强。下面就让小编来带大家学习“MySQL多主复制和MySQL Galera的安装部署方法”吧!

MySQL Galera介绍

特性简介

MySQL/Galera是MySQL/InnoDB的多主集群,有以下特性:
- 同步复制
- Active-active的多主拓扑结构
- 集群任意节点可以读和写
- 自动身份控制,失败节点自动脱离集群
- 自动节点接入
- 真正的基于”行”级别和ID检查的并行复制
- 无单点故障,易扩展

MySQL Galera安装

安装前准备

机器准备
G221 : 192.168.1.221 (Centos 6.4)
G222 : 192.168.1.222 (Centos 6.4)
G223 : 192.168.1.223 (Centos 6.4)

安装依赖
- 确认安装有gcc和gcc-c++的版本为至少4.4


#yuminstallgccgcc-c++

- 确认安装有boost-devel的版本至少为1.4.1

#yuminstallboost-devel

- 安装scons check-devel openssl-devel

#yuminstallsconscheck-developenssl-devel

MySQL Galera安装

安装含wsrep Patch的MySQL 5.5.29

#yuminstalllibaio#wgethttps://launchpad.net/codership-mysql/5.5/5.5.29-23.7.3/+download/mysql-5.5.29_wsrep_23.7.3-linux-x86_64.tar.gz#tarzxvfmysql-5.5.29_wsrep_23.7.3-linux-x86_64.tar.gz##mvmysql-5.5.29_wsrep_23.7.3-linux-x86_64/usr/local/mysql#cd/usr/local/mysql/#groupaddmysql#useradd-r-gmysqlmysql#chown-Rmysql:mysql.#./scripts/mysql_install_db--no-defaults--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data--user=mysql#chown-Rroot.#chown-Rmysqldata

安装Galera复制插件

#wgethttps://launchpad.net/galera/2.x/23.2.4/+download/galera-23.2.4-src.tar.gz#tarzxvfgalera-23.2.4-src.tar.gz#cdgalera-23.2.4-src#scons#cpgarb/garbd/usr/local/mysql/bin/#cplibgalera_smm.so/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin/

MySQL Galera配置

MySQL Galera配置例子:

#cp/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server/etc/init.d/mysql#mkdir-p/var/lib/mysql#chownmysql:mysql/var/lib/mysql#vi/etc/my.cnf#cat/etc/my.cnf

[client]port=3306socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock[mysqld_safe]log-error=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.logpid-file=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.pid[mysqld]wsrep_node_name=node1wsrep_provider=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin/libgalera_smm.so#wsrep_provider_options='gcache.size=1G;socket.ssl_key=my_key;socket.ssl_cert=my_cert'#wsrep_slave_threads=16wsrep_sst_method=rsync#wsrep_sst_auth=root:port=3306socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sockuser=mysqlbasedir=/usr/local/mysqldatadir=/usr/local/mysql/datadefault_storage_engine=InnoDB#innodb_buffer_pool_size=1G#innodb_log_file_size=256Minnodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog=1innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0innodb_doublewrite=0innodb_file_per_table=1binlog_format=ROWlog-bin=mysql-binserver-id=101relay-log=mysql-relay-bin#read_only=1log-slave-updates=1

注: 可参考MySQL wsrep参数

MySQL Galera启动与关闭

初次启动:

[root@G221~]#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe--wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://>/dev/null&

或

[root@G221~]#servicemysqlstart--wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://

查看mysqld监听的端口:

[root@G221~]#netstat-plantu|grepmysqldtcp000.0.0.0:45670.0.0.0:*LISTEN3656/mysqldtcp000.0.0.0:33060.0.0.0:*LISTEN3656/mysqld

注:
1)”gcomm://”是特殊的地址,仅仅是galera cluster初始化启动时候使用,再次启动的时候需要使用具体的IP地址.
2) 端口4567是wsrep使用的默认端口.该端口的防火墙设置规则应该和3306的一样.

关闭:

[root@G221~]#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin-uroot-pshutdownMySQL Galera新节点

添加新节点

节点接入
添加新节点的时候,新接入的节点叫Joiner,给joiner提供复制的节点叫Donor.新的节点接入需要:
1) 安装带wsrep patch的MySQL版本
2) 安装Galera复制插件
3) 配置好新节点的MySQL(参考Donnor的my.cnf)
4) 配置或启动的gcomm://的地址是需要使用donnor的IP.


接入节点G222:

[root@G222data]#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe--wsrep_cluster_address="gcomm://192.168.1.221:4567,192.168.1.223:4567">/dev/null&

接入节点G223:

[root@G223data]#servicemysqlstart--wsrep_cluster_address="gcomm://192.168.1.221:4567,192.168.1.222:4567"

修改节点的wsrep_cluster_address修改wsrep_cluster_address有两种方式:1)使用新的wsrep_cluster_address重启节点:

[root@G221data]#servicemysqlrestart--wsrep_cluster_address="gcomm://192.168.1.222:4567,192.168.1.223:4567"ShuttingdownMySQL....SUCCESS!StartingMySQL.......SUCCESS!

2)直接修改MySQL全局变量

mysql>SHOWVARIABLESLIKE'wsrep_cluster_address';+-----------------------+----------------------------+|Variable_name|Value|+-----------------------+----------------------------+|wsrep_cluster_address|gcomm://192.168.1.222:4567|+-----------------------+----------------------------+1rowinset(0.00sec)mysql>setglobalwsrep_cluster_address="gcomm://192.168.1.222:4567,192.168.1.223:4567";QueryOK,0rowsaffected(2.20sec)mysql>SHOWVARIABLESLIKE'wsrep_cluster_address';+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+|Variable_name|Value|+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+|wsrep_cluster_address|gcomm://192.168.1.222:4567,192.168.1.223:4567|+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+1rowinset(0.00sec)MySQL Galera监控

查看相关变量

查看MySQL版本:

mysql>SHOWGLOBALVARIABLESLIKE'version';+---------------+------------+|Variable_name|Value|+---------------+------------+|version|5.5.29-log|+---------------+------------+1rowinset(0.00sec)

查看wsrep版本:

mysql>SHOWGLOBALSTATUSLIKE'wsrep_provider_version';+------------------------+------------+|Variable_name|Value|+------------------------+------------+|wsrep_provider_version|2.4(rXXXX)|+------------------------+------------+1rowinset(0.00sec)

查看wsrep有关的所有变量:

mysql>SHOWVARIABLESLIKE'wsrep%'\G***************************1.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_OSU_methodValue:TOI***************************2.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_auto_increment_controlValue:ON***************************3.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_causal_readsValue:OFF***************************4.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_certify_nonPKValue:ON***************************5.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_cluster_addressValue:gcomm://192.168.1.222:4567,192.168.1.223:4567***************************6.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_cluster_nameValue:my_wsrep_cluster***************************7.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_convert_LOCK_to_trxValue:OFF***************************8.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_data_home_dirValue:/usr/local/mysql/data/***************************9.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_dbug_optionValue:***************************10.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_debugValue:OFF***************************11.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_drupal_282555_workaroundValue:OFF***************************12.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_forced_binlog_formatValue:NONE***************************13.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_log_conflictsValue:OFF***************************14.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_max_ws_rowsValue:131072***************************15.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_max_ws_sizeValue:1073741824***************************16.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_mysql_replication_bundleValue:0***************************17.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_node_addressValue:***************************18.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_node_incoming_addressValue:AUTO***************************19.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_node_nameValue:node1***************************20.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_notify_cmdValue:***************************21.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_onValue:ON***************************22.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_providerValue:/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin/libgalera_smm.so***************************23.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_provider_optionsValue:base_host=192.168.1.221;base_port=4567;cert.log_conflicts=no;evs.causal_keepalive_period=PT1S;evs.debug_log_mask=0x1;evs.inactive_check_period=PT0.5S;evs.inactive_timeout=PT15S;evs.info_log_mask=0;evs.install_timeout=PT15S;evs.join_retrans_period=PT1S;evs.keepalive_period=PT1S;evs.max_install_timeouts=1;evs.send_window=4;evs.stats_report_period=PT1M;evs.suspect_timeout=PT5S;evs.use_aggregate=true;evs.user_send_window=2;evs.version=0;evs.view_forget_timeout=PT5M;gcache.dir=/usr/local/mysql/data/;gcache.keep_pages_size=0;gcache.mem_size=0;gcache.name=/usr/local/mysql/data//galera.cache;gcache.page_size=128M;gcache.size=128M;gcs.fc_debug=0;gcs.fc_factor=1;gcs.fc_limit=16;gcs.fc_master_slave=NO;gcs.max_packet_size=64500;gcs.max_throttle=0.25;gcs.recv_q_hard_limit=9223372036854775807;gcs.recv_q_soft_limit=0.25;gcs.sync_donor=NO;gmcast.listen_addr=tcp://0.0.0.0:4567;gmcast.mcast_addr=;gmcast.mcast_ttl=1;gmcast.peer_timeout=PT3S;gmcast.time_wait=PT5S;gmcast.version=0;ist.recv_addr=192.168.1.221;pc.checksum=true;pc.ignore_quorum=false;pc.ignore_sb=false;pc.linger=PT20S;pc.npvo=false;pc.version=0;pc.weight=1;protonet.backend=asio;protonet.version=0;replicator.causal_read_timeout=PT30S;replicator.commit_order=3***************************24.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_recoverValue:OFF***************************25.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_replicate_myisamValue:OFF***************************26.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_retry_autocommitValue:1***************************27.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_slave_threadsValue:2***************************28.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_sst_authValue:***************************29.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_sst_donorValue:***************************30.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_sst_donor_rejects_queriesValue:OFF***************************31.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_sst_methodValue:rsync***************************32.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_sst_receive_addressValue:AUTO***************************33.row***************************Variable_name:wsrep_start_positionValue:80cdd13d-8cf2-11e2-0800-e0817023b754:033rowsinset(0.00sec)

状态监控

查看Galera集群状态:

mysql>showstatuslike'wsrep%';+----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+|Variable_name|Value|+----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+|wsrep_local_state_uuid|80cdd13d-8cf2-11e2-0800-e0817023b754||wsrep_protocol_version|4||wsrep_last_committed|3||wsrep_replicated|3||wsrep_replicated_bytes|522||wsrep_received|6||wsrep_received_bytes|1134||wsrep_local_commits|1||wsrep_local_cert_failures|0||wsrep_local_bf_aborts|0||wsrep_local_replays|0||wsrep_local_send_queue|0||wsrep_local_send_queue_avg|0.000000||wsrep_local_recv_queue|0||wsrep_local_recv_queue_avg|0.000000||wsrep_flow_control_paused|0.000000||wsrep_flow_control_sent|0||wsrep_flow_control_recv|0||wsrep_cert_deps_distance|1.000000||wsrep_apply_oooe|0.000000||wsrep_apply_oool|0.000000||wsrep_apply_window|1.000000||wsrep_commit_oooe|0.000000||wsrep_commit_oool|0.000000||wsrep_commit_window|1.000000||wsrep_local_state|4||wsrep_local_state_comment|Synced||wsrep_cert_index_size|5||wsrep_causal_reads|0||wsrep_incoming_addresses|192.168.1.221:3306,192.168.1.222:3306,192.168.1.223:3306||wsrep_cluster_conf_id|13||wsrep_cluster_size|3||wsrep_cluster_state_uuid|80cdd13d-8cf2-11e2-0800-e0817023b754||wsrep_cluster_status|Primary||wsrep_connected|ON||wsrep_local_index|0||wsrep_provider_name|Galera||wsrep_provider_vendor|CodershipOy<info@codership.com>||wsrep_provider_version|2.4(rXXXX)||wsrep_ready|ON|+----------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+40rowsinset(0.00sec)

监控状态说明

wsrep_last_committed:最后提交的事务数目

wsrep_local_cert_failures和wsrep_local_bf_aborts:回滚,检测到的冲突数目（www.51itstudy.com）

wsrep_local_send_queue_avg:网络瓶颈的预兆.如果这个值比较高的话,可能存在网络瓶

wsrep_flow_control_paused:表示复制停止了多长时间.即表明集群因为Slave延迟而慢的程度.值为0~1,越靠近0越好,值为1表示复制完全停止.可优化wsrep_slave_threads的值来改善.

wsrep_cert_deps_distance:有多少事务可以并行应用处理.wsrep_slave_threads设置的值不应该高出该值太多.

wsrep_flow_control_sent:表示该节点已经停止复制了多少次.

wsrep_local_recv_queue_avg:表示slave事务队列的平均长度.slave瓶颈的预兆.

wsrep_ready: 该值为ON,则说明可以接受SQL负载.如果为Off,则需要检查wsrep_connected.

wsrep_connected: 如果该值为Off,且wsrep_ready的值也为Off,则说明该节点没有连接到集群.(可能是wsrep_cluster_address或wsrep_cluster_name等配置错造成的.具体错误需要查看错误日志)

wsrep_local_state_comment:如果wsrep_connected为On,但wsrep_ready为OFF,则可以从该项查看原因.

wsrep_cluster_state_uuid:在集群所有节点的值应该是相同的,有不同值的节点,说明其没有连接入集群.

wsrep_cluster_conf_id:正常情况下所有节点上该值是一样的.如果值不同,说明该节点被临时”分区”了.当节点之间网络连接恢复的时候应该会恢复一样的值.

wsrep_cluster_size:如果这个值跟预期的节点数一致,则所有的集群节点已经连接.

wsrep_cluster_status:集群组成的状态.如果不为”Primary”,说明出现”分区”或是”split-brain”状况.

集群完整性检查:

节点状态检查:

复制健康检查:

最慢的节点的wsrep_flow_control_sent和wsrep_local_recv_queue_avg这两个值最高.这两个值较低的话,相对更好.

检测慢网络问题:

冲突或死锁的数目:

MySQL Galera其它特性

Galera arbitrator

garbd可以做为一个无数据的Galera节点运行,该节点可以用一种优化的方式帮助检测和处理网络分裂(network splits).
一个好的garbd节点可以防止”split-brain”状况发生.

SSL支持

Galera支持SSL通讯,这对增加数据安全性很重要(特别是云部署).可以通过参数socket.ssl_cert和socket.ssl_key来定义.

SST方式选择

SST允许新接入的节点使用定制的方法来获取最初的数据.SST方式有mysqldump(默认,比较慢),rsync,和xtrabackup(很快).
可通过wsrep_sst_method来定义.Production环境中建议使用rsync或是xtrabackup方式.

到此，相信大家对“MySQL多主复制和MySQL Galera的安装部署方法”有了更深的了解，不妨来实际操作一番吧！这里是亿速云网站，更多相关内容可以进入相关频道进行查询，关注我们，继续学习！