本篇内容主要讲解“MySQL源码安装的方法介绍”，感兴趣的朋友不妨来看看。本文介绍的方法操作简单快捷，实用性强。下面就让小编来带大家学习“MySQL源码安装的方法介绍”吧!

MYSQL的安装分三种：命令行安装、二进制安装和源码安装
命令行安装相对而言简单，我们就不做过多陈述，今天就着重讲讲MYSQL的源码安装
编译安装过程描述：

1.下载源代码

2.检查源码编译所需的依赖包是否齐全

3.解压编译

4.make && make install

5.初始化数据目录

6.数据库权限设置

7.定义启动方式

软件安装的常规约定：

软件安装包放在/usr/local/src下

软件根目录basedir在/usr/local/xxx下,如：/usr/local/mysql

配置文件在/etc/下，如：/etc/my.cnf

数据目录datadir一般放在单独的磁盘上

mysql服务名为mysqld

========
准备
========
#创建数据目录
[root@xxx ~]# mkdir /data/mysql
#创建根目录
[root@xxx ~]# mkdir /usr/local/mysqlrp
#进入软件存放目录
[root@xxx ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@xxx src]# mv /root/mysql-5.6.24.tar.gz .
[root@xxx src]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.24.tar.gz
[root@xxx src]# cd mysql-5.6.24
#检查cmake是否安装，如果未安装，请使用yum install cmake或其它方式安装
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# which cmake
/usr/bin/cmake
#安装必备的依赖包
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# yum install ncurses-devel
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# yum install bison
#=======
编译
#=======
cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysqlrp \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci

[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# ls /usr/local/mysqlrp/
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]#
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# ls /data/mysql/
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]#
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# make
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# ls /usr/local/mysqlrp/
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# ls /data/mysql/
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]#
#make install时才会在根目录下生成文件
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# make install
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# ls /usr/local/mysqlrp/
bin data include lib mysql-test scripts sql-bench
COPYING docs INSTALL-BINARY man README share support-files
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# ls /data/mysql/
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]#
[root@xxx mysql-5.6.24]# cd /usr/local/mysqlrp/
#创建mysql管理用户及组
[root@xxx mysqlrp]# groupadd mysql
[root@xxx mysqlrp]# useradd mysql -g mysql
#修改配置文件，修改根目录、数据目录位置。
[root@xxx local]# vi /etc/my.cnf
...
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysqlrp
datadir=/data/mysql
#初始化数据目录
[root@xxx mysqlrp]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &
#制作mysql服务mysqld
[root@xxx mysqlrp]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
#修改各个目录对应权限
[root@xxx mysqlrp]#chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysqlrp
[root@xxx mysqlrp]#chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql
[root@xxx mysqlrp]#chown mysql.mysql /etc/my.cnf
[root@xxx mysqlrp]#chown mysql.mysql /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@xxx mysqlrp]#chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysqlrp
[root@xxx mysqlrp]#chmod -R 755 /data/mysql
root@xxx mysqlrp]#chmod 644 /etc/my.cnf
[root@xxx mysqlrp]#chmod 755/etc/init.d/mysqld
#启动mysql服务
[root@xxx local]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.
[ OK ]

#=======
#源码编译常见依赖包
#=======
kernel-headers-2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64.rpm
glibc-headers-2.12-1.107.el6.x86_64.rpm
glibc-devel-2.12-1.107.el6.x86_64.rpm
cpp-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
gcc-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
gcc-c++-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
autoconf-2.63-5.1.el6.noarch.rpm
automake-1.11.1-4.el6.noarch.rpm
zlib-1.2.3-29.el6.x86_64.rpm
ncurses-devel-5.7-3.20090208.el6.x86_64.rpm
libgcrypt-1.4.5-9.el6_2.2.x86_64.rpm
libtool-2.2.6-15.5.el6.x86_64.rpm
bison-2.4.1-5.el6.x86_64.rpm

#=======
#附实验2则，解释常见疑问
#实验1说明，数据目录初始化的时候，必须在根目录basedir下初始化目录(具体数据目录可以自定义)，使用初始化脚本进行初始化。
#实验2说明，数据库在编译的时候会修改源码里面的内容，例如src/mysql-5.6.24/support-files/mysql.server ,会将根目录修改为编译时指定的根目录
# 数据库编译时指定数据目录，安装完成后mysql工具没有指定数据目录且根目录下没有data目录会优先将编译时指定的数据目录作为自己的数据目录
#=======

点击(此处)折叠或打开

#=======

#实验1

#=======

[root@xxx mysqlrp]# mkdir /tmp/test

#=======

#测试进入临时目录，做数据目录初始化

#=======

[root@xxx mysqlrp]# cd /tmp/test/

[root@xxx test]# /usr/local/mysqlrp/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql &

[1] 36700

[root@xxx test]# FATAL ERROR: Could not find ./bin/my_print_defaults

If you compiled from source, you need to run 'make install' to

copy the software into the correct location ready for operation.

If you are using a binary release, you must either be at the top

level of the extracted archive, or pass the --basedir option

pointing to that location.

[1]+ Exit 1 /usr/local/mysqlrp/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql

[root@xxx test]# /usr/local/mysqlrp/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql &

[1] 36704

[root@xxx test]# FATAL ERROR: Could not find ./bin/my_print_defaults

If you compiled from source, you need to run 'make install' to

opy the software into the correct location ready for operation.

If you are using a binary release, you must either be at the top

level of the extracted archive, or pass the --basedir option

pointing to that location.

[1]+ Exit 1 /usr/local/mysqlrp/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql

[root@xxx test]# /usr/local/mysqlrp/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysqlrp --datadir=/data/mysql &

#=======

#指定了根目录后总算初始化成功

#=======

[root@xxx mysqlrp]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

[root@xxx mysqlrp]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql

[root@xxx mysqlrp]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql/

[root@xxx mysqlrp]# mkdir log

[root@xxx mysqlrp]# chown -R mysql.mysql log

[root@xxx mysqlrp]# ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

[1] 37694

[root@xxx mysqlrp]# 151113 15:45:58 mysqld_safe Logging to '/data/mysql/zc-appname-ip-ip.err'.

151113 15:45:59 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/mysql

151113 15:45:59 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /data/mysql/zc-appname-ip-ip.pid ended

[1]+ Done ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql

[root@xxx mysqlrp]# ps -ef|grep mysql

root 37847 12729 0 15:46 pts/3 00:00:00 grep mysql

#=======

#试图启动，失败

#=======

[root@xxx local]# mv mysqlrp/ mysql

[root@xxx mysqlrp]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql

[root@xxx local]# mv mysql/ mysqlrp

[root@xxx local]# service mysqld start

Starting MySQL.The server quit without updating PID file (/data/mysql/zc-appname-ip-ip.pid). [FAILED]

#=======

#试图启动，失败

#=======

[root@xxx local]# cd mysqlrp/

[root@xxx mysqlrp]# ./bin/mysqld

mysqld mysqld_multi mysqld_safe mysqldump mysqldumpslow

[root@xxx mysqlrp]# ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql&

[1] 38052

[root@xxx mysqlrp]# 151113 15:49:31 mysqld_safe Logging to '/data/mysql/zc-appname-ip-ip.err'.

151113 15:49:31 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/mysql

151113 15:49:32 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /data/mysql/zc-appname-ip-ip.pid ended

[1]+ Done ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql

[root@xxx mysqlrp]# ps -ef|grep mysql

root 38205 12729 0 15:49 pts/3 00:00:00 grep mysql

#=======

#试图启动，失败

#=======

[root@xxx mysqlrp]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/ &

#=======

#初始化数据目录成功

#=======

[root@xxx mysqlrp]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysqlrp/data/ &

#=======

#再次初始化数据目录，成功

#=======

[root@xxx mysqlrp]# ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

[1] 38312

[root@xxx mysqlrp]# 151113 15:56:03 mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/mysqlrp/data/zc-appname-ip-ip.err'.

151113 15:56:03 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysqlrp/data

[root@xxx mysqlrp]# ps -ef|grep mysql

root 38312 12729 0 15:56 pts/3 00:00:00 /bin/sh ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql

mysql 38441 38312 3 15:56 pts/3 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysqlrp/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysqlrp --datadir=/usr/local/mysqlrp/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysqlrp/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/usr/local/mysqlrp/data/zc-appname-ip-ip.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysqlrp/data/zc-appname-ip-ip.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

root 38465 12729 0 15:56 pts/3 00:00:00 grep mysql

#=======

#试图启动，成功

#=======

#=======

#实验2

#=======

[root@xxx mysqlrp]# 151113 15:56:43 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /usr/local/mysqlrp/data/zc-appname-ip-ip.pid ended

ps

PID TTY TIME CMD

12729 pts/3 00:00:00 bash

38471 pts/3 00:00:00 ps

[1]+ Done ./bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql

[root@xxx mysqlrp]# ps -ef|grep mysql

root 38473 12729 0 15:56 pts/3 00:00:00 grep mysql

[root@xxx mysqlrp]# service mysqld start

Starting MySQL.The server quit without updating PID file (/[FAILED]ql/zc-appname-ip-ip.pid).

[root@xxx mysqlrp]#

[root@xxx local]# cp src/mysql-5.6.24/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqldcp: overwrite `/etc/init.d/mysqld'? y

[root@xxx local]# service mysqld start

/etc/init.d/mysqld: line 256: my_print_defaults: command not found

/etc/init.d/mysqld: line 276: cd: /usr/local/mysqlrp: No such file or directory

Starting MySQLCouldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysqlr[FAILED]sqld_safe)

[root@xxx local]# mv mysql mysqlrp

[root@xxx local]# service mysqld start

Starting MySQL.The server quit without updating PID file (/[FAILED]ql/zc-appname-ip-ip.pid).

[root@xxx local]# vi /etc/my.cnf

datadir=xxxx

[root@xxx local]# service mysqld start

Starting MySQL.

[ OK ]

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