怎么用源码安装MYSQL

2025-03-18 技术教程

这篇文章主要介绍“怎么用源码安装MYSQL”，在日常操作中，相信很多人在怎么用源码安装MYSQL问题上存在疑惑，小编查阅了各式资料，整理出简单好用的操作方法，希望对大家解答”怎么用源码安装MYSQL”的疑惑有所帮助！接下来，请跟着小编一起来学习吧！

一、文章说明

最近接触到mysql数据库，因此闲来研究一下，今天演示一下用源码安装mysql，如果使用rpm包安装的话个人感觉挺简单的。

环境说明：

操作系统：rhel 5.4 x86

Mysql版本：mysql-5.5.22

二、安装cmake(mysql5.5以后是通过cmake来编译的)

在mysql5.5之前的话直接编辑就可以，而在5.5以后需要通过cmake来编译，在附录中介绍一下直接编译。

下载cmake-2.8.4.tar.gz，本人是在度娘搜的。

[root@node4~]#tar-zxvfcmake-2.8.4.tar.gz[root@node4~]#cdcmake-2.8.4[root@node4cmake-2.8.4]#./configure--prefix=/usr/local/cmake----在这里可以使用#gmake&&makeinstall[root@node4cmake-2.8.4]#make[root@node4cmake-2.8.4]#makeinstall

备注：configure需要执行编译到目录。
三、创建mysql的安装目录及数据库存放目录

[root@node4~]#mkdir-p/opt/mysql5.5[root@node4~]#mkdir-p/opt/mysql5.5/data

四、创建mysql用户及用户组

[root@node4~]#groupaddmysql[root@node4~]#useradd-r-gmysqlmysql

五、安装mysql

[root@node4~]#tar-zxvfmysql-5.5.22.tar.gz[root@node4~]#cdmysql-5.5.22----编译出现以下错误，需要ncurses-devel[root@node4mysql-5.5.22]#/usr/local/cmake/bin/cmake-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/mysql5.5-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/opt/mysql5.5/data-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1--MySQL5.5.22--CouldNOTfindCurses(missing:CURSES_LIBRARYCURSES_INCLUDE_PATH)CMakeErroratcmake/readline.cmake:83(MESSAGE):Curseslibrarynotfound.Pleaseinstallappropriatepackage,removeCMakeCache.txtandreruncmake.OnDebian/Ubuntu,packagenameislibncurses5-dev,onRedhatandderivatesitisncurses-devel.CallStack(mostrecentcallfirst):cmake/readline.cmake:127(FIND_CURSES)cmake/readline.cmake:217(MYSQL_USE_BUNDLED_LIBEDIT)CMakeLists.txt:268(MYSQL_CHECK_READLINE)--Configuringincomplete,errorsoccurred!----查看ncurses是否安装：[root@node4mysql-5.5.22]#rpm-qa|grepnecursesncurses-5.5-24.20060715----安装ncurses-devel[root@node4]#rpm-ivhncurses-devel-5.5-24.20060715.i386.rpmwarning:ncurses-devel-5.5-24.20060715.i386.rpm:HeaderV3DSAsignature:NOKEY,keyID37017186Preparing...###########################################[100%]1:ncurses-devel###########################################[100%]----删除CMakeCache.txt[root@node4mysql-5.5.22]#find/-nameCMakeCache.txt/root/mysql-5.5.22/CMakeCache.txt/root/cmake-2.8.4/CMakeCache.txt/root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/ComplexOneConfig/Cache/CMakeCache.txt/root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/Complex/Cache/CMakeCache.txt/root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/CMakeFiles/CheckFortran/CMakeCache.txt/root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/ComplexRelativePaths/Cache/CMakeCache.txt[root@node4mysql-5.5.22]#rm/root/mysql-5.5.22/CMakeCache.txtrm:removeregularfile`/root/mysql-5.5.22/CMakeCache.txt'?yes[root@node4mysql-5.5.22]#rm/root/cmake-2.8.4/CMakeCache.txtrm:removeregularfile`/root/cmake-2.8.4/CMakeCache.txt'?yes[root@node4mysql-5.5.22]#rm/root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/ComplexOneConfig/Cache/CMakeCache.txtrm:removeregularfile`/root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/ComplexOneConfig/Cache/CMakeCache.txt'?yes[root@node4mysql-5.5.22]#rm/root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/Complex/Cache/CMakeCache.txtrm:removeregularfile`/root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/Complex/Cache/CMakeCache.txt'?yes[root@node4mysql-5.5.22]#rm/root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/CMakeFiles/CheckFortran/CMakeCache.txtrm:removeregularfile`/root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/CMakeFiles/CheckFortran/CMakeCache.txt'?yes[root@node4mysql-5.5.22]#rm/root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/ComplexRelativePaths/Cache/CMakeCache.txtrm:removeregularfile`/root/cmake-2.8.4/Tests/ComplexRelativePaths/Cache/CMakeCache.txt'?yes----再次进行编译：[root@node4mysql-5.5.22]#/usr/local/cmake/bin/cmake-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/mysql5.5-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/opt/mysql5.5/data-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1[root@node4mysql-5.5.22]#make&&makeinstall

备注：

-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql //安装目录

-DINSTALL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data //数据库存放目录

-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 　　　　//使用utf8字符

-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci //校验字符

-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all 　　　　//安装所有扩展字符集

-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 　　 //允许从本地导入数据

注意事项：

重新编译时，需要清除旧的对象文件和缓存信息。

#make clean

#rm -f CMakeCache.txt

#rm -rf /etc/my.cnf

六、设置目录权限

[root@node4~]#cd/opt/mysql5.5/[root@node4mysql5.5]#chown-Rroot:mysql.//把当前目录中所有文件的所有者设为root，所属组为mysql[root@node4mysql5.5]#chown-Rmysql:mysqldata/

七、设置mysql配置文件

[root@node4mysql5.5]#cpsupport-files/my-medium.cnf/etc/my.cnf//将mysql的启动服务添加到系统服务中[root@node4mysql5.5]#cpsupport-files/my-medium.cnfmy.cnf[root@node4mysql5.5]#moremy.cnf----在mysqld下面添加basedir=/opt/mysql5.5datadir=/opt/mysql5.5/data[mysqld]port=3306socket=/tmp/mysql.sockskip-external-lockingkey_buffer_size=16Mmax_allowed_packet=1Mtable_open_cache=64sort_buffer_size=512Knet_buffer_length=8Kread_buffer_size=256Kread_rnd_buffer_size=512Kmyisam_sort_buffer_size=8Mbasedir=/opt/mysql5.5datadir=/opt/mysql5.5/data

八、创建系统数据库的表

----在这里指定了配置文件和用户[root@node4mysql5.5]#scripts/mysql_install_db--defaults-file=./my.cnf--user=mysqlInstallingMySQLsystemtables...OKFillinghelptables...OKTostartmysqldatboottimeyouhavetocopysupport-files/mysql.servertotherightplaceforyoursystemPLEASEREMEMBERTOSETAPASSWORDFORTHEMySQLrootUSER!Todoso,starttheserver,thenissuethefollowingcommands:/opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysqladmin-urootpassword'new-password'/opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysqladmin-uroot-hnode4password'new-password'Alternativelyyoucanrun:/opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysql_secure_installationwhichwillalsogiveyoutheoptionofremovingthetestdatabasesandanonymoususercreatedbydefault.Thisisstronglyrecommendedforproductionservers.Seethemanualformoreinstructions.YoucanstarttheMySQLdaemonwith:cd/opt/mysql5.5;/opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysqld_safe&YoucantesttheMySQLdaemonwithmysql-test-run.plcd/opt/mysql5.5/mysql-test;perlmysql-test-run.plPleasereportanyproblemswiththe/opt/mysql5.5/scripts/mysqlbugscript!

九、设置环境变量

[root@node4~]#vi/root/.bash_profile----在PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin添加参数为：PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/opt/mysql5.5/bin:/opt/mysql5.5/lib[root@node4~]#source/root/.bash_profile

十、手动启动mysql

[root@node4mysql5.5]#./bin/mysqld_safe--user=mysql&//启动MySql但不能停止[1]27412[root@node4mysql5.5]#13072808:34:38mysqld_safeLoggingto'/opt/mysql5.5/data/node4.err'.13072808:34:38mysqld_safeStartingmysqlddaemonwithdatabasesfrom/opt/mysql5.5/data----这里MYSQL的root用户还没有配置密码，所以空值。需要输入密码时，直接点回车键即可。[root@node4mysql5.5]#./bin/mysqladmin-uroot-pshutdownEnterpassword:13072808:34:46mysqld_safemysqldfrompidfile/opt/mysql5.5/data/node4.pidended[1]+Done./bin/mysqld_safe--user=mysql

十一、另一个简单的启动mysql的方法(mysql已经被添加到系统服务中)

[root@node4mysql5.5]#servicemysqlstart[root@node4mysql5.5]#servicemysqlstop[root@node4mysql5.5]#servicemysqlrestart

如果上述命令出现：mysql未识别的服务

[root@node4mysql5.5]#servicemysqlstartmysql.server:unrecognizedservice

则可能mysql还没添加到系统服务中，下面用另一个方法添加：

[root@node4mysql5.5]#cpsupport-files/mysql.server/etc/init.d/mysql[root@node4mysql5.5]#servicemysqlstartStartingMySQL...[OK][root@node4mysql5.5]#servicemysqlstopShuttingdownMySQL.[OK]

注意：主要是将mysql.server拷贝到/etc/init.d中，命名为mysql。然后再用#service mysql start 来启动mysql即可。

十二、修改Mysql的root用户密码以及打开远程连接

[root@node4~]#/opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysql-urootmysqlWelcometotheMySQLmonitor.Commandsendwith;or\g.YourMySQLconnectionidis1Serverversion:5.5.22-logSourcedistributionCopyright(c)2000,2011,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.OracleisaregisteredtrademarkofOracleCorporationand/oritsaffiliates.Othernamesmaybetrademarksoftheirrespectiveowners.Type'help;'or'\h'forhelp.Type'\c'toclearthecurrentinputstatement.mysql>usemysql;Databasechangedmysql>descuser;----为root添加远程连接的能力。mysql>grantallprivilegeson*.*toroot@"%"identifiedby"root";QueryOK,0rowsaffected(0.03sec)mysql>updateusersetPassword=password('123456')whereUser='root';QueryOK,5rowsaffected(0.02sec)Rowsmatched:5Changed:5Warnings:0mysql>selectHost,User,PasswordfromuserwhereUser='root';+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+|Host|User|Password|+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+|localhost|root|*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9||node4|root|*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9||127.0.0.1|root|*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9||::1|root|*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9||%|root|*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9|+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+5rowsinset(0.00sec)mysql>flushprivileges;QueryOK,0rowsaffected(0.01sec)mysql>exit;Bye[root@node4~]#/opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysql-uroot-pEnterpassword:WelcometotheMySQLmonitor.Commandsendwith;or\g.YourMySQLconnectionidis3Serverversion:5.5.22-logSourcedistributionCopyright(c)2000,2011,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.OracleisaregisteredtrademarkofOracleCorporationand/oritsaffiliates.Othernamesmaybetrademarksoftheirrespectiveowners.Type'help;'or'\h'forhelp.Type'\c'toclearthecurrentinputstatement.mysql>showdatabases;+--------------------+|Database|+--------------------+|information_schema||mysql||performance_schema||test|+--------------------+4rowsinset(0.10sec)mysql>selectversion();+------------+|version()|+------------+|5.5.22-log|+------------+1rowinset(0.02sec)

附录：
1. groupadd mysql
2. useradd -g mysql mysql
3. tar zxvf mysql-VERSION.tar.gz
4. cd mysql-VERSION
5. ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql
--without-debug
--enable-thread-safe-client
--enable-assembler
--enable-profiling
--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static
--with-client-ldflags=-all-static
--with-charset=latin1
--with-extra-charsets=utf8,gbk
--with-mysqld-user=mysql
--without-embedded-server
--with-server-suffix=bbk
--with-plugins=innobase,partition
6. make
7. make install
8.mkdir data
9.chown mysql:mysql ./data/ -R
10. cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
11.在my.cnf mysqld标签下中添加：
basedir=/opt/mysql5
datadir=/opt/mysql5/data
12. ./bin/mysql_install_db --default-file=./my.cnf --user=mysql
13. select version();