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Instant add column功能自MySQL 8.0.12版本引入,INSTANT操作仅修改数据字典中的元数据。在准备和执行期间,

不会在表上采用独占元数据锁,并且表数据不受影响,从而使操作立即生效。允许并发DML。

InnoDB仅支持INSTANT进行如下操作:

Change index option 更改索引选项

Rename table (in ALTER way) 重命名表(以ALTER方式)

SET/DROP DEFAULT 设置/删除缺省值

Add columns(non-generated) – We call this instant ADD COLUMN 添加列(非生成) - 我们称之为立即加列

MODIFY COLUMN 修改列

Add/drop virtual columns 添加/删除虚拟列

添加新列作为表中的最后一列。

添加生成的虚拟列。

删除生成的虚拟列。

设置现有列的默认值。

删除现有列的默认值。

更改具有ENUM或SET数据类型的列所允许的值列表。要求是列的存储大小不会更改。

instant功能存在的限制:

仅支持在一个语句中添加列,即如果同一语句中存在其他非INSTANT操作,则无法立即执行

innodb行格式不能是COMPRESSED。

该表上不能有全文索引。

即时添加的列不能是PK。

只能顺序加列,仅支持在最后添加列,而不支持在现有列的中间添加列

不支持压缩表

不支持包含任何全文索引的表

不支持临时表,临时表只能使用copy的方式执行DDL

不支持那些在数据词典表空间中创建的表

数据字典中的表不能使用instant算法

实验如下:

mysql> CREATE TABLE `test` (

-> `ID` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

-> `NAME` varchar(50) NOT NULL,

-> PRIMARY KEY (`ID`)

-> ) AUTO_INCREMENT=1000;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.19 sec)

mysql>delimiter $$

mysql> create procedure pro_test()

-> begin

-> declare id int;

-> set id = 100000;

-> while id>0 do

-> insert into test(name) values ('love');

-> set id = id-1;

-> end while;

-> end $$

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql>delimiter ;

mysql>call pro_test();

mysql>call pro_test();

mysql>call pro_test();

mysql>call pro_test();

mysql>call pro_test();

mysql>call pro_test();

mysql>call pro_test();

多执行几次,生成更多的数据量。

mysql>select count(*) from test;

+----------+

| count(*) |

+----------+

| 20547289 |

+----------+

1 row in set (1 min 6.85 sec)

秒加字段测试:

mysql>alter table test add addr varchar(10),ALGORITHM=INSTANT;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (4.06 sec)

Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql>ALTER TABLE test ADD COLUMN c ENUM('a', 'b', 'c'), ALGORITHM = INSTANT;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec)

Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

第一次用了4.06秒,第二次用了0.12秒

重命名:

mysql>ALTER TABLE test RENAME TO t2, ALGORITHM = INSTANT;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.19 sec)

mysql>ALTER TABLE t2 RENAME TO test, ALGORITHM = INSTANT;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)

设置列缺省值:

mysql>ALTER TABLE test ALTER COLUMN name SET DEFAULT 100, ALGORITHM = INSTANT;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)

Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

删除列缺省值:

mysql>ALTER TABLE test alter COLUMN name DROP DEFAULT, ALGORITHM = INSTANT;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)

Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

修改列:

mysql>ALTER TABLE test MODIFY COLUMN c ENUM('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'), ALGORITHM=INSTANT;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)

Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

更改索引,适用于表上已有索引:

mysql>>show index from test \G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

Table: test

Non_unique: 0

Key_name: PRIMARY

Seq_in_index: 1

Column_name: ID

Collation: A

Cardinality: 19998192

Sub_part: NULL

Packed: NULL

Null:

Index_type: BTREE

Comment:

Index_comment:

Visible: YES

Expression: NULL

*************************** 2. row ***************************

Table: test

Non_unique: 1

Key_name: name

Seq_in_index: 1

Column_name: NAME

Collation: A

Cardinality: 1

Sub_part: NULL

Packed: NULL

Null:

Index_type: BTREE

Comment:

Index_comment:

Visible: YES

Expression: NULL

2 rows in set (0.04 sec)

mysql>ALTER TABLE test DROP index name, ADD index name(name),ALGORITHM = INSTANT;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)

Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

但在其他无索引的列上加新索引是不支持的:

mysql>alter table test ADD index addr(addr),ALGORITHM = INSTANT;

ERROR 1845 (0A000): ALGORITHM=INSTANT is not supported for this operation.

Try ALGORITHM=COPY/INPLACE.

增加虚拟列:

ALTER TABLE test ADD COLUMN (d INT GENERATED ALWAYS AS (1 + 1) VIRTUAL), ALGORITHM = INSTANT;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (2.83 sec)

Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

ysql>desc test;

+-------+---------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------------------+

| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+-------+---------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------------------+

| ID | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |

| NAME | varchar(50) | NO | | NULL | |

| addr | varchar(10) | YES | | NULL | |

| ip | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |

| c | enum('a','b','c','d','e') | YES | | NULL | |

| d | int(11) | YES | | NULL | VIRTUAL GENERATED |

+-------+---------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------------------+

删除虚拟列:

mysql>ALTER TABLE test DROP COLUMN d, ALGORITHM = INSTANT;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.48 sec)

Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql>desc test;

+-------+---------------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+-------+---------------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

| ID | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |

| NAME | varchar(50) | NO | MUL | NULL | |

| addr | varchar(10) | YES | | NULL | |

| ip | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |

| c | enum('a','b','c','d','e') | YES | | NULL | |

+-------+---------------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

5 rows in set (0.04 sec)

但删除普通列不支持:

mysql>ALTER TABLE test DROP c, ALGORITHM = INSTANT;

ERROR 1845 (0A000): ALGORITHM=INSTANT is not supported for this operation.

Try ALGORITHM=COPY/INPLACE.

另外,用户还可以通过来自information_schema的视图观察即时ADD COLUMN的结果:

mysql>SELECT table_id, name, instant_cols FROM information_schema.innodb_tables WHERE name LIKE 'test%';

+----------+----------------+--------------+

| table_id | name | instant_cols |

+----------+----------------+--------------+

| 1060 | test/child | 0 |

| 1064 | test/t1 | 0 |

| 1065 | test/tbl | 0 |

| 1068 | test/employees | 0 |

| 1072 | test/test_null | 0 |

| 1073 | test/test | 2 |

+----------+----------------+--------------+

6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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