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使用RMAN对CDB和PDB执行按时间点恢复
RMAN能够对CDB与PDB执行按时间点恢复操作。但是PDB只能使用RMAN来执行按时间点恢复。如是没有使用恢复目录数据库，建议启用自动控制文件备份。否则当对PDB执行按时间点恢复时，当RMAN需要增加与删除undo数据文件时不能有效的执行。

PDB按时间点恢复与快速恢复区
当对PDB执行数据库按时间点恢复时，对于这个PDB所有的数据文件都将被执行恢复操作。然而，为了将PDB恢复到指定的时间点，RMAN在恢复目标时间点也是需要有UNDO表空间存在的。因为undo表空间是被所有PDB所共享的，它不能被恢复。RMAN会将root中的undo,system与sysaux表空间还原到辅助实例中，然后使用undo信息来将pdb恢复到指定的时间点。如果配置了快速恢复区，Oracle将会使用它作为辅助实例的存储目录。如果快速恢复区没有被配置，那么必须使用auxiliary destination子句来指定辅助实例数据库文件的存储目录。确保在快速恢复区有足够的空间可以用来还原root表空间与undo表空间。如果快速恢复区没有足够的空间，可以通过使用auxiliary destination子句来指定其它的目录。

对CDB执行数据库按时间点恢复
1.登录数据库记录当前SCN号，然后将表t1中的数据删除。

SQL>connjy/jy@jypdbConnected.SQL>SELECTCURRENT_SCNFROMV$DATABASE;CURRENT_SCN-----------6041183SQL>altersessionsetnls_date_format='yyyy-mm-ddhh34:mi:ss';Sessionaltered.SQL>selectsysdatefromdual;SYSDATE-------------------2017-12-1818:28:30SQL>selectcount(*)fromt1;COUNT(*)----------39SQL>truncatetablet1;Tabletruncated.SQL>selectcount(*)fromt1;COUNT(*)----------0

2.如果使用时间表达式来代替目标SCN，那么在调用RMAN之前设置时间格式环境变量

[oracle@jytest1~]$exportNLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy-mm-ddhh34:mi:ss'

3.使用RMAN连接到root容器

[oracle@jytest1~]$rmantarget/catalogrco/abcd@jypdb_173RecoveryManager:Release12.2.0.1.0-ProductiononMonDec1818:32:002017Copyright(c)1982,2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.connectedtotargetdatabase:JY(DBID=979425723)connectedtorecoverycatalogdatabase

4.将CDB重启到mount状态

RMAN>shutdownimmediatestartingfullresyncofrecoverycatalogfullresynccompletedatabasecloseddatabasedismountedOracleinstanceshutdownRMAN>startupmountconnectedtotargetdatabase(notstarted)OracleinstancestarteddatabasemountedTotalSystemGlobalArea6442450944bytesFixedSize8807168bytesVariableSize1895828736bytesDatabaseBuffers4529848320bytesRedoBuffers7966720bytesstartingfullresyncofrecoverycatalogfullresynccomplete

5.使用RUN块来执行以下操作
a.对于数据库按时间点鶋，使用set until来指定恢复的目标时间，scn或日志序列号，或者使用set to来指定还原点。如果指定时间那么使用环境变量nls_lang与nls_date_format中所指定的日期格式。

b.如果RMAN没有配置自动通道，那么需要手动分配磁盘与磁带通道。

c.还原与恢复CDB

下面的命令将CDB恢复到SCN=6041183所在的状态

RMAN>run2>{3>setuntilscn6041183;4>restoredatabase;5>recoverdatabase;6>}executingcommand:SETuntilclauseStartingrestoreat2017-12-1818:46:50flashingbackcontrolfiletoSCN6041183allocatedchannel:ORA_DISK_1channelORA_DISK_1:SID=764instance=jy1devicetype=DISKskippingdatafile5;alreadyrestoredtofile+DATA/JY/5F9AA264B21F3ED9E053AB828A0A6088/DATAFILE/system.256.962209675skippingdatafile6;alreadyrestoredtofile+DATA/JY/5F9AA264B21F3ED9E053AB828A0A6088/DATAFILE/sysaux.270.962209675skippingdatafile8;alreadyrestoredtofile+DATA/JY/5F9AA264B21F3ED9E053AB828A0A6088/DATAFILE/undotbs1.296.962209675channelORA_DISK_1:startingdatafilebackupsetrestorechannelORA_DISK_1:specifyingdatafile(s)torestorefrombackupsetchannelORA_DISK_1:restoringdatafile00001to+DATA/JY/DATAFILE/system.317.962209603channelORA_DISK_1:restoringdatafile00003to+DATA/JY/DATAFILE/sysaux.298.962209605channelORA_DISK_1:restoringdatafile00004to+DATA/JY/DATAFILE/undotbs1.277.962209605channelORA_DISK_1:restoringdatafile00007to+DATA/JY/DATAFILE/users.301.962209605channelORA_DISK_1:restoringdatafile00009to+DATA/JY/DATAFILE/undotbs2.312.962209605channelORA_DISK_1:readingfrombackuppiece+TEST/rman_backup/jy_979425723_962563410_10slv3ai_1_1channelORA_DISK_1:piecehandle=+TEST/rman_backup/jy_979425723_962563410_10slv3ai_1_1tag=TAG20171212T184328channelORA_DISK_1:restoredbackuppiece1channelORA_DISK_1:restorecomplete,elapsedtime:00:01:05channelORA_DISK_1:startingdatafilebackupsetrestorechannelORA_DISK_1:specifyingdatafile(s)torestorefrombackupsetchannelORA_DISK_1:restoringdatafile00010to+DATA/JY/5F9AC6865E87549FE053AB828A0ADE94/DATAFILE/system.271.962209649channelORA_DISK_1:restoringdatafile00011to+DATA/JY/5F9AC6865E87549FE053AB828A0ADE94/DATAFILE/sysaux.316.962209649channelORA_DISK_1:restoringdatafile00012to+DATA/JY/5F9AC6865E87549FE053AB828A0ADE94/DATAFILE/undotbs1.264.962209649channelORA_DISK_1:restoringdatafile00013to+DATA/JY/5F9AC6865E87549FE053AB828A0ADE94/DATAFILE/undo_2.268.962209649channelORA_DISK_1:restoringdatafile00014to+DATA/JY/5F9AC6865E87549FE053AB828A0ADE94/DATAFILE/users.278.962209649channelORA_DISK_1:restoringdatafile00015to+DATA/JY/5F9AC6865E87549FE053AB828A0ADE94/DATAFILE/test.275.962210609channelORA_DISK_1:readingfrombackuppiece+TEST/rman_backup/jy_979425723_962563516_11slv3ds_1_1channelORA_DISK_1:piecehandle=+TEST/rman_backup/jy_979425723_962563516_11slv3ds_1_1tag=TAG20171212T184328channelORA_DISK_1:restoredbackuppiece1channelORA_DISK_1:restorecomplete,elapsedtime:00:00:35channelORA_DISK_1:startingdatafilebackupsetrestorechannelORA_DISK_1:specifyingdatafile(s)torestorefrombackupsetchannelORA_DISK_1:restoringdatafile00016to+DATA/JY/600D6F56DEB669CCE053AB828A0AAB7E/DATAFILE/system.260.962469409channelORA_DISK_1:restoringdatafile00017to+DATA/JY/600D6F56DEB669CCE053AB828A0AAB7E/DATAFILE/sysaux.259.962469409channelORA_DISK_1:restoringdatafile00018to+DATA/JY/600D6F56DEB669CCE053AB828A0AAB7E/DATAFILE/undotbs1.265.962469409channelORA_DISK_1:restoringdatafile00019to+DATA/JY/600D6F56DEB669CCE053AB828A0AAB7E/DATAFILE/undo_2.266.962469409channelORA_DISK_1:restoringdatafile00020to+DATA/JY/600D6F56DEB669CCE053AB828A0AAB7E/DATAFILE/users.267.962469409channelORA_DISK_1:restoringdatafile00021to+DATA/JY/600D6F56DEB669CCE053AB828A0AAB7E/DATAFILE/test.269.962469409channelORA_DISK_1:readingfrombackuppiece+TEST/rman_backup/jy_979425723_962563551_12slv3ev_1_1channelORA_DISK_1:piecehandle=+TEST/rman_backup/jy_979425723_962563551_12slv3ev_1_1tag=TAG20171212T184328channelORA_DISK_1:restoredbackuppiece1channelORA_DISK_1:restorecomplete,elapsedtime:00:00:35Finishedrestoreat2017-12-1818:49:09Startingrecoverat2017-12-1818:49:11usingchannelORA_DISK_1appliedofflinerangetodatafile00010offlinerangeRECID=80STAMP=963072332appliedofflinerangetodatafile00011offlinerangeRECID=79STAMP=963072332appliedofflinerangetodatafile00012offlinerangeRECID=78STAMP=963072332appliedofflinerangetodatafile00013offlinerangeRECID=77STAMP=963072332appliedofflinerangetodatafile00014offlinerangeRECID=76STAMP=963072332appliedofflinerangetodatafile00015offlinerangeRECID=75STAMP=963072332appliedofflinerangetodatafile00016offlinerangeRECID=86STAMP=963072332appliedofflinerangetodatafile00017offlinerangeRECID=85STAMP=963072332appliedofflinerangetodatafile00018offlinerangeRECID=84STAMP=963072332appliedofflinerangetodatafile00019offlinerangeRECID=83STAMP=963072332appliedofflinerangetodatafile00020offlinerangeRECID=82STAMP=963072332appliedofflinerangetodatafile00021offlinerangeRECID=81STAMP=963072332startingmediarecoveryarchivedlogforthread1withsequence34isalreadyondiskasfile+TEST/arch/1_34_961976319.dbfarchivedlogforthread1withsequence35isalreadyondiskasfile+TEST/arch/1_35_961976319.dbfarchivedlogforthread1withsequence36isalreadyondiskasfile+TEST/arch/1_36_961976319.dbfarchivedlogforthread1withsequence37isalreadyondiskasfile+TEST/arch/1_37_961976319.dbfarchivedlogforthread1withsequence38isalreadyondiskasfile+TEST/arch/1_38_961976319.dbfarchivedlogforthread1withsequence39isalreadyondiskasfile+TEST/arch/1_39_961976319.dbfarchiv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44archivedlogfilename=+TEST/arch/2_40_961976319.dbfthread=2sequence=40archivedlogfilename=+TEST/arch/1_45_961976319.dbfthread=1sequence=45archivedlogfilename=+TEST/arch/2_41_961976319.dbfthread=2sequence=41archivedlogfilename=+TEST/arch/1_46_961976319.dbfthread=1sequence=46archivedlogfilename=+TEST/arch/2_42_961976319.dbfthread=2sequence=42archivedlogfilename=+TEST/arch/2_43_961976319.dbfthread=2sequence=43archivedlogfilename=+TEST/arch/1_47_961976319.dbfthread=1sequence=47archivedlogfilename=+TEST/arch/2_44_961976319.dbfthread=2sequence=44archivedlogfilename=+TEST/arch/2_45_961976319.dbfthread=2sequence=45archivedlogfilename=+TEST/arch/1_48_961976319.dbfthread=1sequence=48archivedlogfilename=+TEST/arch/2_46_961976319.dbfthread=2sequence=46archivedlogfilename=+TEST/arch/1_49_961976319.dbfthread=1sequence=49archivedlogfilename=+TEST/arch/2_47_961976319.dbfthread=2sequence=47archivedlogfilename=+TEST/arch/2_48_961976319.dbfthread=2sequence=48archivedlogfilename=+TEST/arch/1_50_961976319.dbfthread=1sequence=50archivedlogfilename=+TEST/arch/2_49_961976319.dbfthread=2sequence=49archivedlogfilename=+TEST/arch/1_51_961976319.dbfthread=1sequence=51archivedlogfilename=+TEST/arch/2_50_961976319.dbfthread=2sequence=50archivedlogfilename=+TEST/arch/2_51_961976319.dbfthread=2sequence=51mediarecoverycomplete,elapsedtime:00:08:44Finishedrecoverat2017-12-1818:58:02

6.执行以下互斥操作
.以读写方式打开CDB，放弃目标SCN之后的所有改变。在这种情况下，你必须将CDB重启到mount状态后，然后执行以下命令

alterdatabaseopenresetlogs

.使用Data Pump导出CDB中你所需要的对象。然后将CDB恢复到当前时间点并重新导入对象，因此可以将需要的对象进行恢复而不用放弃所有其它对象所发生的改变。

RMAN>alterdatabaseopenreadonly;StatementprocessedRMAN>alterpluggabledatabaseallopenreadonly;StatementprocessedSQL>connjy/jy@jypdbConnected.SQL>selectcount(*)fromt1;COUNT(*)----------39RMAN>shutdownimmediatedatabasecloseddatabasedismountedOracleinstanceshutdownRMAN>startupmountconnectedtotargetdatabase(notstarted)OracleinstancestarteddatabasemountedTotalSystemGlobalArea6442450944bytesFixedSize8807168bytesVariableSize1895828736bytesDatabaseBuffers4529848320bytesRedoBuffers7966720bytesRMAN>recoverdatabase;Startingrecoverat2017-12-1822:26:55allocatedchannel:ORA_DISK_1channelORA_DISK_1:SID=10instance=jy1devicetype=DISKstartingmediarecoverymediarecoverycomplete,elapsedtime:00:00:05Finishedrecoverat2017-12-1822:27:05RMAN>alterdatabaseopen;StatementprocessedstartingfullresyncofrecoverycatalogfullresynccompleteRMAN>alterpluggabledatabaseallopenreadwrite;Statementprocessedstartingfullresyncofrecoverycatalogfullresynccomplete

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