这篇文章给大家分享的是有关Oracle中RMAN的BACKUP常用参数有哪些的内容。小编觉得挺实用的，因此分享给大家做个参考，一起跟随小编过来看看吧。

backup命令用来生成备份，可以在执行backup时为备份指定很多属性。官方文档上backup命令语法功能非常丰富，但是没有必要一一的掌握。先要了解一些基本用法，特殊的参数，用到的时候临时抱佛脚就行了。

下面我们挑一些常用的参数，做以说明。

BACKUP参数选项

服务器会话将所有块都复制到备份集中，只跳过从未使用过的数据文

件块。在备份归档重做日志或控制文件时，服务器会话不会跳过任何块。完全备份不是增量备份。

level

integer

服务器会话复制自上次n 级增量备份以来更改过的数据块，其中n 是从1 到4 之间的任意整数。要执行大于0 级的增量备份时，服务器进程会在BACKUP 命令中检查每个数据文件的0 级备份或0 级副本是否存在。如果指定增量，则必须在备份说明中设置以下参数之一：DATA FILE、DATA FILECOPY、TABLESPACE 或DATABASE。恢复管理器不支持控制文件、归档重做日志或备份集的增量备份。

filesperset

integer

如果指定了FILESPERSET 参数，恢复管理器就会将FILESPERSET值与计算的值（备份的文件数与通道数的比值）进行比较，并采用两者中的较小值，从而确保使用所有的通道。如果不指定FILESPERSET，恢复管理器就会将计算的值（文件数与分配的通道数的比值）与缺省值64 进行比较并采用两者中的较小值。当通道多于要备份的文件时，多余的通道将保持空闲。输入文件不能在通道之间进行分割。

指定该参数可将某些数据文件或归档重做日志排除在备份集之外。该参数具有以下选项：

offline：将脱机数据文件排除在备份集之外。

readonly：排除属于只读表空间的数据文件。

inaccessible：排除由于I/O 错误而无法读取的数据文件或归档重

做日志。

maxsetsize

integer

以字节（缺省）、千字节(K)、兆字节(M) 或千兆字节(G) 来指定备份集的最大大小。恢复管理器会尽量将所有的备份集限制为指定的大小。

delete

input

在成功创建备份集后删除输入文件。仅当备份归档重做日志、数据文

件副本或备份集时才指定该选项。它相当于对所有输入文件执行

CHANGE . . . DELETE 命令。

include

current

controlfile

下面演示一下skip、filesperset、maxsetsize、COPIES等用法

skip 跳过只读文件

SQL>ALTERTABLESPACEIDXREADONLY;Tablespacealtered.RMAN>BACKUPDATABASESKIPREADONLY;Startingbackupat2015/07/0903:39:49allocatedchannel:ORA_DISK_1channelORA_DISK_1:SID=1devicetype=DISKskippingread-onlyfile6channelORA_DISK_1:startingfulldatafilebackupsetchannelORA_DISK_1:specifyingdatafile(s)inbackupsetinputdatafilefilenumber=00001name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/system01.dbfinputdatafilefilenumber=00002name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/sysaux01.dbfinputdatafilefilenumber=00005name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/example01.dbfinputdatafilefilenumber=00003name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/undotbs01.dbfinputdatafilefilenumber=00004name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/users01.dbfchannelORA_DISK_1:startingpiece1at2015/07/0903:39:49channelORA_DISK_1:finishedpiece1at2015/07/0903:41:45piecehandle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150709T033949_bstz45xk_.bkptag=TAG20150709T033949comment=NONEchannelORA_DISK_1:backupsetcomplete,elapsedtime:00:01:56channelORA_DISK_1:startingfulldatafilebackupsetchannelORA_DISK_1:specifyingdatafile(s)inbackupsetincludingcurrentcontrolfileinbackupsetincludingcurrentSPFILEinbackupsetchannelORA_DISK_1:startingpiece1at2015/07/0903:41:46channelORA_DISK_1:finishedpiece1at2015/07/0903:41:47piecehandle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20150709T033949_bstz7toh_.bkptag=TAG20150709T033949comment=NONEchannelORA_DISK_1:backupsetcomplete,elapsedtime:00:00:01Finishedbackupat2015/07/0903:41:47

FILEPERSET 限制备份集最多包含文件个数。

RMAN>BACKUPDATABASEfilesperset2;Startingbackupat2015/07/0903:45:11usingchannelORA_DISK_1channelORA_DISK_1:startingfulldatafilebackupsetchannelORA_DISK_1:specifyingdatafile(s)inbackupsetinputdatafilefilenumber=00001name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/system01.dbfinputdatafilefilenumber=00006name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/idx01.dbfchannelORA_DISK_1:startingpiece1at2015/07/0903:45:11channelORA_DISK_1:finishedpiece1at2015/07/0903:45:46piecehandle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150709T034511_bstzg7tn_.bkptag=TAG20150709T034511comment=NONEchannelORA_DISK_1:backupsetcomplete,elapsedtime:00:00:35channelORA_DISK_1:startingfulldatafilebackupsetchannelORA_DISK_1:specifyingdatafile(s)inbackupsetinputdatafilefilenumber=00002name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/sysaux01.dbfinputdatafilefilenumber=00004name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/users01.dbfchannelORA_DISK_1:startingpiece1at2015/07/0903:45:46channelORA_DISK_1:finishedpiece1at2015/07/0903:46:11piecehandle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150709T034511_bstzhc17_.bkptag=TAG20150709T034511comment=NONEchannelORA_DISK_1:backupsetcomplete,elapsedtime:00:00:26channelORA_DISK_1:startingfulldatafilebackupsetchannelORA_DISK_1:specifyingdatafile(s)inbackupsetinputdatafilefilenumber=00005name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/example01.dbfinputdatafilefilenumber=00003name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/undotbs01.dbfchannelORA_DISK_1:startingpiece1at2015/07/0903:46:12channelORA_DISK_1:finishedpiece1at2015/07/0903:46:27piecehandle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150709T034511_bstzj460_.bkptag=TAG20150709T034511comment=NONEchannelORA_DISK_1:backupsetcomplete,elapsedtime:00:00:15channelORA_DISK_1:startingfulldatafilebackupsetchannelORA_DISK_1:specifyingdatafile(s)inbackupsetincludingcurrentcontrolfileinbackupsetincludingcurrentSPFILEinbackupsetchannelORA_DISK_1:startingpiece1at2015/07/0903:46:28channelORA_DISK_1:finishedpiece1at2015/07/0903:46:29piecehandle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20150709T034511_bstzjnbx_.bkptag=TAG20150709T034511comment=NONEchannelORA_DISK_1:backupsetcomplete,elapsedtime:00:00:01Finishedbackupat2015/07/0903:46:29

maxsetsize 设置备份集最大大

RMAN>backupdatabasemaxsetsize200M;Startingbackupat2015/07/0903:52:02usingchannelORA_DISK_1RMAN-00571:===========================================================RMAN-00569:===============ERRORMESSAGESTACKFOLLOWS===============RMAN-00571:===========================================================RMAN-03002:failureofbackupcommandat07/09/201503:52:02RMAN-06183:datafileordatafilecopy/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/system01.dbf(filenumber1)largerthanMAXSETSIZE

备份集的最大大小不能小于任意一个数据文件的大小。

RMAN>backupdatabasemaxsetsize1G;Startingbackupat2015/07/0903:58:47allocatedchannel:ORA_DISK_1channelORA_DISK_1:SID=1devicetype=DISKchannelORA_DISK_1:startingfulldatafilebackupsetchannelORA_DISK_1:specifyingdatafile(s)inbackupsetinputdatafilefilenumber=00002name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/sysaux01.dbfinputdatafilefilenumber=00005name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/example01.dbfchannelORA_DISK_1:startingpiece1at2015/07/0903:58:48channelORA_DISK_1:finishedpiece1at2015/07/0903:59:23piecehandle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150709T035847_bsv07r5l_.bkptag=TAG20150709T035847comment=NONEchannelORA_DISK_1:backupsetcomplete,elapsedtime:00:00:35channelORA_DISK_1:startingfulldatafilebackupsetchannelORA_DISK_1:specifyingdatafile(s)inbackupsetinputdatafilefilenumber=00001name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/system01.dbfinputdatafilefilenumber=00003name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/undotbs01.dbfinputdatafilefilenumber=00004name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/users01.dbfinputdatafilefilenumber=00006name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/idx01.dbfchannelORA_DISK_1:startingpiece1at2015/07/0903:59:23channelORA_DISK_1:finishedpiece1at2015/07/0903:59:58piecehandle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150709T035847_bsv08vcs_.bkptag=TAG20150709T035847comment=NONEchannelORA_DISK_1:backupsetcomplete,elapsedtime:00:00:35channelORA_DISK_1:startingfulldatafilebackupsetchannelORA_DISK_1:specifyingdatafile(s)inbackupsetincludingcurrentcontrolfileinbackupsetincludingcurrentSPFILEinbackupsetchannelORA_DISK_1:startingpiece1at2015/07/0903:59:59channelORA_DISK_1:finishedpiece1at2015/07/0904:00:00piecehandle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20150709T035847_bsv09zlm_.bkptag=TAG20150709T035847comment=NONEchannelORA_DISK_1:backupsetcomplete,elapsedtime:00:00:01Finishedbackupat2015/07/0904:00:00

SQL>selectname,bytes/1024/1024||'MB'fromv$datafile;NAMEBYTES/1024/1024||'MB'----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/system01.dbf770MB/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/sysaux01.dbf580MB/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/undotbs01.dbf95MB/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/users01.dbf16.25MB/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/example01.dbf345.625MB/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/idx01.dbf10MB

COPIES

RMAN>backupcopies2databaseformat'/backup/full_%U';Startingbackupat2015/07/0904:06:29usingchannelORA_DISK_1channelORA_DISK_1:startingfulldatafilebackupsetchannelORA_DISK_1:specifyingdatafile(s)inbackupsetinputdatafilefilenumber=00001name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/system01.dbfinputdatafilefilenumber=00002name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/sysaux01.dbfinputdatafilefilenumber=00005name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/example01.dbfinputdatafilefilenumber=00003name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/undotbs01.dbfinputdatafilefilenumber=00004name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/users01.dbfinputdatafilefilenumber=00006name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/idx01.dbfchannelORA_DISK_1:startingpiece1at2015/07/0904:06:29channelORA_DISK_1:finishedpiece1at2015/07/0904:08:04with2copiesandtagTAG20150709T040629piecehandle=/backup/full_3bqbj5m5_1_1comment=NONEpiecehandle=/backup/full_3bqbj5m5_1_2comment=NONEchannelORA_DISK_1:backupsetcomplete,elapsedtime:00:01:35channelORA_DISK_1:startingfulldatafilebackupsetchannelORA_DISK_1:specifyingdatafile(s)inbackupsetincludingcurrentcontrolfileinbackupsetincludingcurrentSPFILEinbackupsetchannelORA_DISK_1:startingpiece1at2015/07/0904:08:05channelORA_DISK_1:finishedpiece1at2015/07/0904:08:06with2copiesandtagTAG20150709T040629piecehandle=/backup/full_3cqbj5p4_1_1comment=NONEpiecehandle=/backup/full_3cqbj5p4_1_2comment=NONEchannelORA_DISK_1:backupsetcomplete,elapsedtime:00:00:01Finishedbackupat2015/07/0904:08:06

如果备份集放到默认的fast recovery area中，是不允许使用copies参数的

RMAN>backupcopies2database;Startingbackupat2015/07/0904:11:37usingchannelORA_DISK_1channelORA_DISK_1:startingfulldatafilebackupsetchannelORA_DISK_1:specifyingdatafile(s)inbackupsetinputdatafilefilenumber=00001name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/system01.dbfinputdatafilefilenumber=00002name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/sysaux01.dbfinputdatafilefilenumber=00005name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/example01.dbfinputdatafilefilenumber=00003name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/undotbs01.dbfinputdatafilefilenumber=00004name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/users01.dbfinputdatafilefilenumber=00006name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/idx01.dbfchannelORA_DISK_1:startingpiece1at2015/07/0904:11:37RMAN-03009:failureofbackupcommandonORA_DISK_1channelat07/09/201504:11:38ORA-19806:cannotmakeduplexbackupsinrecoveryareacontinuingotherjobsteps,jobfailedwillnotbere-runchannelORA_DISK_1:startingfulldatafilebackupsetchannelORA_DISK_1:specifyingdatafile(s)inbackupsetincludingcurrentcontrolfileinbackupsetincludingcurrentSPFILEinbackupsetchannelORA_DISK_1:startingpiece1at2015/07/0904:11:39RMAN-00571:===========================================================RMAN-00569:===============ERRORMESSAGESTACKFOLLOWS===============RMAN-00571:===========================================================RMAN-03009:failureofbackupcommandonORA_DISK_1channelat07/09/201504:11:40ORA-19806:cannotmakeduplexbackupsinrecoveryarea

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