Linux平台下如何实现RMAN 全备和增量备份shell脚本

2025-03-10 技术教程

这篇文章主要介绍了Linux平台下如何实现RMAN 全备和增量备份shell脚本，具有一定借鉴价值，感兴趣的朋友可以参考下，希望大家阅读完这篇文章之后大有收获，下面让小编带着大家一起了解一下。

全备脚本

以nocatalog模式为例：

Shell脚本：

########################################################################

##hot_database_backup.sh##

##createdbyTianlesoftware##

##2010-7-16##

#########################################################################

#!/bin/sh

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------

#Determinetheuserwhichisexecutingthisscript.

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------

CUSER=`id|cut-d"("-f2|cut-d")"-f1`

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------

#Putoutputin<thisfilename>.out.Changeasdesired.

#Note:outputdirectoryrequireswritepermission.

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------

RMAN_LOG_FILE=${0}.out

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------

#Youmaywanttodeletetheoutputfilesothatbackupinformationdoes

#notaccumulate.Ifnot,deletethefollowinglines.

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------

if[-f"$RMAN_LOG_FILE"]

then

rm-f"$RMAN_LOG_FILE"

#-----------------------------------------------------------------

#Initializethelogfile.

#-----------------------------------------------------------------

echo>>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

chmod666$RMAN_LOG_FILE

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------

#Logthestartofthisscript.

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------

echoScript$0>>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo====startedon`date`====>>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo>>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------

#Oraclehomepath.

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

exportORACLE_HOME

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------

#theOracleSIDofthetargetdatabase.

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------

ORACLE_SID=orcl

exportORACLE_SID

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------

#TheOracleDBAuserid(account).

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------

ORACLE_USER=oracle

exportORACLE_USER

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------

#SettheOracleRecoveryManagername.

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------

RMAN=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------

#Printoutthevalueofthevariablessetbythisscript.

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------

echo>>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo"RMAN:$RMAN">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo"ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_SID">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo"ORACLE_USER:$ORACLE_USER">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo"ORACLE_HOME:$ORACLE_HOME">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------

#Printoutthevalueofthevariablessetbybphdb.

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------

#echo>>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

#echo"NB_ORA_FULL:$NB_ORA_FULL">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

#echo"NB_ORA_INCR:$NB_ORA_INCR">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

#echo"NB_ORA_CINC:$NB_ORA_CINC">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

#echo"NB_ORA_SERV:$NB_ORA_SERV">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

#echo"NB_ORA_POLICY:$NB_ORA_POLICY">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------

#NOTE:Thisscriptassumesthatthedatabaseisproperlyopened.Ifdesired,

#thiswouldbetheplacetoverifythat.

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------

echo>>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------

#CallRecoveryManagertoinitiatethebackup.

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------

CMD_STR="

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME

exportORACLE_HOME

ORACLE_SID=$ORACLE_SID

exportORACLE_SID

$RMANnocatalogtargetsys/adminmsglog$RMAN_LOG_FILEappend<<EOF

RUN{

allocatechannelc1typedisk;

allocatechannelc2typedisk;

BACKUPFORMAT'/u01/backup/orcl_%U_%T'skipinaccessiblefilesperset5DATABASETAGorcl_hot_db_bk;

sql'altersystemarchivelogcurrent';

BACKUPFORMAT'/u01/backup/arch_%U_%T'skipinaccessiblefilesperset5ARCHIVELOGALLDELETEINPUT;

backupcurrentcontrolfiletag='bak_ctlfile'format='/u01/backup/ctl_file_%U_%T';

backupspfiletag='spfile'format='/u01/backup/ORCL_spfile_%U_%T';

releasechannelc2;

releasechannelc1;

}

reportobsolete;

deletenopromptobsolete;

crosscheckbackup;

deletenopromptexpiredbackup;

listbackupsummary;

#EOF

#Initiatethecommandstring

if["$CUSER"="root"]

then

echo"RootCommandString:$CMD_STR">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

su-$ORACLE_USER-c"$CMD_STR">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

RSTAT=$?

else

echo"UserCommandString:$CMD_STR">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

/bin/sh-c"$CMD_STR">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

RSTAT=$?

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------

#Logthecompletionofthisscript.

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------

if["$RSTAT"="0"]

then

LOGMSG="endedsuccessfully"

else

LOGMSG="endedinerror"

echo>>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

echoScript$0>>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo====$LOGMSGon`date`====>>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo>>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

/bin/mailx-s"RMANBackupSID"daimm@sf-express.com<$RMAN_LOG_FILE

exit$RSTAT

三．增量备份

以catalog模式为例：

在存放catalog的实例上创建catalog目录：

1.创建Catalog所需要的表空间

SQL>createtablespacecatalog_tsdatafile'D:/APP/ADMINISTRATOR/ORADATA/ORCL/catalog_ts1.dbf'size20M;

2.创建RMAN用户并授权

SQL>createusercatalogidentifiedbycatalogdefaulttablespacecatalog_ts;

SQL>grantrecovery_catalog_ownertocatalog;

查看角色所拥有的权限:

select*fromdba_sys_privswheregrantee='RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER';

3.创建恢复目录

[oracle@db1scripts]$rmantarget/catalogcatalog/catalog@catalog1;

RecoveryManager:Release10.2.0.1.0-ProductiononThuJul1512:03:162010

connectedtotargetdatabase:ORCL(DBID=1248423599)

connectedtorecoverycatalogdatabase

RMAN>createcatalogtablespacecatalog_ts;

recoverycatalogcreated

如果此处报错：

ORACLEerrorfromrecoverycatalogdatabase:ORA-00955:nameisalreadyusedbyanexistingobject

可以用命令删除catalog，在创建：

RMAN>dropcatalog;

recoverycatalogownerisCATALOG

enterDROPCATALOGcommandagaintoconfirmcatalogremoval

RMAN>dropcatalog

recoverycatalogdropped

RMAN>registerdatabase;

databaseregisteredinrecoverycatalog

startingfullresyncofrecoverycatalog

fullresynccomplete

RMAN>

差异备份有3个级别：

0级：相当于全备，不同的是0级可用于增量备份，全备不行。

1级：备份自上次0级备份以来的数据

2级：备份自上次备份依赖的数据

脚本的增量备份策略：周日0级备份，周四1级备份，其他2级备份

Shell脚本：

########################################################################

##incremental_hot_database_backup.sh##

##createdbyTianlesoftware##

##2010-7-16##

#########################################################################

#!/bin/ksh

exportLANG=en_US

BACKUP_DATE=`date+%d`

RMAN_LOG_FILE=${0}.out

TODAY=`date`

USER=`id|cut-d"("-f2|cut-d")"-f1`

echo"-----------------$TODAY-------------------">$RMAN_LOG_FILE

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

exportORACLE_HOME

RMAN=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman

exportRMAN

ORACLE_SID=orcl

exportORACLE_SID

ORACLE_USER=oracle

exportORACLE_USER

echo"ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_SID">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo"ORACLE_HOME:$ORACLE_HOME">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo"ORACLE_USER:$ORACLE_USER">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo"==========================================">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo"BACKUPDATABASEBEGIN......">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo"">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

chmod666$RMAN_LOG_FILE

WEEK_DAILY=`date+%a`

case"$WEEK_DAILY"in

"Mon")

BAK_LEVEL=2

;;

"Tue")

BAK_LEVEL=2

;;

"Wed")

BAK_LEVEL=2

;;

"Thu")

BAK_LEVEL=1

;;

"Fri")

BAK_LEVEL=2

;;

"Sat")

BAK_LEVEL=2

;;

"Sun")

BAK_LEVEL=0

;;

"*")

BAK_LEVEL=error

esac

exportBAK_LEVEL=$BAK_LEVEL

echo"Todayis:$WEEK_DAILYincrementallevel=$BAK_LEVEL">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

RUN_STR="

BAK_LEVEL=$BAK_LEVEL

exportBAK_LEVEL

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME

exportORACLE_HOME

ORACLE_SID=$ORACLE_SID

exportORACLE_SID

$RMANTARGETsys/adminCATALOGcatalog/catalog@catalog1msglog$RMAN_LOG_FILEappend<<EOF

run

{

allocatechannelc1typedisk;

allocatechannelc2typedisk;

backupincrementallevel=$BAK_LEVELskipinaccessiblefilesperset5Databaseformat='/u01/backup/orcl_lev"$BAK_LEVEL"_%U_%T'tag='orcl_lev"$BAK_LEVEL"';

sql'altersystemarchivelogcurrent';

backuparchivelogalltag='arc_bak'format='/u01/backup/arch_%U_%T'skipinaccessiblefilesperset5notbackedup1timesdeleteinput;

backupcurrentcontrolfiletag='bak_ctlfile'format='/u01/backup/ctl_file_%U_%T';

backupspfiletag='spfile'format='/u01/backup/ORCL_spfile_%U_%T';

releasechannelc2;

releasechannelc1;

}

reportobsolete;

deletenopromptobsolete;

crosscheckbackup;

deletenopromptexpiredbackup;

listbackupsummary;

resynccatalog;

EOF

#Initiatethecommandstring

if["$CUSER"="root"]

then

echo"RootCommandString:$RUN_STR">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

su-$ORACLE_USER-c"$RUN_STR">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

RSTAT=$?

else

echo"UserCommandString:$RUN_STR">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

/bin/sh-c"$RUN_STR">>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

RSTAT=$?

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------

#Logthecompletionofthisscript.

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------

if["$RSTAT"="0"]

then

LOGMSG="endedsuccessfully"

else

LOGMSG="endedinerror"

echo>>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

echoScript$0>>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo====$LOGMSGon`date`====>>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

echo>>$RMAN_LOG_FILE

/bin/mailx-s"RMANBackupSID"daimm@sf-express.com<$RMAN_LOG_FILE

exit$RSTAT

将该备份脚本添加到crontab，然后定时执行：

[oracle@db1u01]$crontab-l

001***/u01/scripts/incremental_hotbackup.sh

Unixcrontab命令详解

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2010/02/22/5315039.aspx

在测试的时候，我们可以手工的修改，然后查看脚本的执行情况即可：

[root@db1~]#date--set"2010-7-1611:11:11"

------------------------------2010年8月23日补充--------------------------

用这个脚本的时候发现一个问题，备份集可以通过设定保存粗略定期删除，但是备份的归档文件无法删除。

所以还需要定期的删除备份的归档文件。一般保存15天。 shell 脚本如下。添加到crontab 里定时执行就可以了。

del_archive_backup.sh

#!/bin/ksh
# ##################################################################
#
# delete archvivelog backup file.sh
# tianlesoftware
#
# ##################################################################
PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/ucb:/etc:.:/usr/X/bin:/bin
export PATH
find /u01/incremental_hotbackup -mtime +15 -name "arch_*" -exec rm {} /;

说明，这里的路径写你自己的就可以了。

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