如何理解MySQL 5.7中的关键字和保留字

2025-03-09 技术教程

如何理解MySQL 5.7中的关键字和保留字，针对这个问题，这篇文章详细介绍了相对应的分析和解答，希望可以帮助更多想解决这个问题的小伙伴找到更简单易行的方法。

最近在将数据从Oracle迁移到MySQL的过程中，遇到一些问题，其中就包括关键字。

MySQL和Oracle的关键字还是不尽相同的，在Oracle数据库中，我们的数据表中定义了大量的code字段用来表示主键，但是在MySQL中code是关键字，使用以前的处理方法就有些“水土不服”。

下面我们来了解一下MySQL中的关键字和保留字。

什么是关键字和保留字

关键字是指在SQL中有意义的字。某些关键字（例如SELECT，DELETE或BIGINT）是保留的，需要特殊处理才能用作表和列名称等标识符。这一点对于内置函数的名称也适用。

如何使用关键字和保留字

非保留关键字允许作为标识符，不需要加引号。如果您要适用保留字作为标识符，就必须适用引号。

举个例子，BEGIN和END是关键字，但不是保留字，因此它们用作标识符不需要引号。 INTERVAL是保留关键字，必须加上引号才能用作标识符。

Table10.2Keywords and Reserved Words in MySQL 5.7

ACCESSIBLE(R)ACCOUNT^{[a]ACTION

ADD(R)AFTERAGAINST

AGGREGATEALGORITHMALL(R)

ALTER(R)ALWAYS^{[b]ANALYSE

ANALYZE(R)AND(R)ANY

AS(R)ASC(R)ASCII

ASENSITIVE(R)ATAUTOEXTEND_SIZE

AUTO_INCREMENTAVGAVG_ROW_LENGTH

BACKUPBEFORE(R)BEGIN

BETWEEN(R)BIGINT(R)BINARY(R)

BINLOGBITBLOB(R)

BLOCKBOOLBOOLEAN

BOTH(R)BTREEBY(R)

BYTECACHECALL(R)

CASCADE(R)CASCADEDCASE(R)

CATALOG_NAMECHAINCHANGE(R)

CHANGEDCHANNEL^{[c]CHAR(R)

CHARACTER(R)CHARSETCHECK(R)

CHECKSUMCIPHERCLASS_ORIGIN

CLIENTCLOSECOALESCE

CODECOLLATE(R)COLLATION

COLUMN(R)COLUMNSCOLUMN_FORMAT

COLUMN_NAMECOMMENTCOMMIT

COMMITTEDCOMPACTCOMPLETION

COMPRESSEDCOMPRESSION^{[d]CONCURRENT

CONDITION(R)CONNECTIONCONSISTENT

CONSTRAINT(R)CONSTRAINT_CATALOGCONSTRAINT_NAME

CONSTRAINT_SCHEMACONTAINSCONTEXT

CONTINUE(R)CONVERT(R)CPU

CREATE(R)CROSS(R)CUBE

CURRENTCURRENT_DATE(R)CURRENT_TIME(R)

CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(R)CURRENT_USER(R)CURSOR(R)

CURSOR_NAMEDATADATABASE(R)

DATABASES(R)DATAFILEDATE

DATETIMEDAYDAY_HOUR(R)

DAY_MICROSECOND(R)DAY_MINUTE(R)DAY_SECOND(R)

DEALLOCATEDEC(R)DECIMAL(R)

DECLARE(R)DEFAULT(R)DEFAULT_AUTH

DEFINERDELAYED(R)DELAY_KEY_WRITE

DELETE(R)DESC(R)DESCRIBE(R)

DES_KEY_FILEDETERMINISTIC(R)DIAGNOSTICS

DIRECTORYDISABLEDISCARD

DISKDISTINCT(R)DISTINCTROW(R)

DIV(R)DODOUBLE(R)

DROP(R)DUAL(R)DUMPFILE

DUPLICATEDYNAMICEACH(R)

ELSE(R)ELSEIF(R)ENABLE

ENCLOSED(R)ENCRYPTION^{[e]END

ENDSENGINEENGINES

ENUMERRORERRORS

ESCAPEESCAPED(R)EVENT

EVENTSEVERYEXCHANGE

EXECUTEEXISTS(R)EXIT(R)

EXPANSIONEXPIREEXPLAIN(R)

EXPORTEXTENDEDEXTENT_SIZE

FALSE(R)FASTFAULTS

FETCH(R)FIELDSFILE

FILE_BLOCK_SIZE^{[f]FILTER^{[g]FIRST

FIXEDFLOAT(R)FLOAT4(R)

FLOAT8(R)FLUSHFOLLOWS^{[h]

FOR(R)FORCE(R)FOREIGN(R)

FORMATFOUNDFROM(R)

FULLFULLTEXT(R)FUNCTION

GENERALGENERATED^{[i](R)GEOMETRY

GEOMETRYCOLLECTIONGET(R)GET_FORMAT

GLOBALGRANT(R)GRANTS

GROUP(R)GROUP_REPLICATION^{[j]HANDLER

HASHHAVING(R)HELP

HIGH_PRIORITY(R)HOSTHOSTS

HOURHOUR_MICROSECOND(R)HOUR_MINUTE(R)

HOUR_SECOND(R)IDENTIFIEDIF(R)

IGNORE(R)IGNORE_SERVER_IDSIMPORT

IN(R)INDEX(R)INDEXES

INFILE(R)INITIAL_SIZEINNER(R)

INOUT(R)INSENSITIVE(R)INSERT(R)

INSERT_METHODINSTALLINSTANCE^{[k]

INT(R)INT1(R)INT2(R)

INT3(R)INT4(R)INT8(R)

INTEGER(R)INTERVAL(R)INTO(R)

INVOKERIOIO_AFTER_GTIDS(R)

IO_BEFORE_GTIDS(R)IO_THREADIPC

IS(R)ISOLATIONISSUER

ITERATE(R)JOIN(R)JSON^{[l]

KEY(R)KEYS(R)KEY_BLOCK_SIZE

KILL(R)LANGUAGELAST

LEADING(R)LEAVE(R)LEAVES

LEFT(R)LESSLEVEL

LIKE(R)LIMIT(R)LINEAR(R)

LINES(R)LINESTRINGLIST

LOAD(R)LOCALLOCALTIME(R)

LOCALTIMESTAMP(R)LOCK(R)LOCKS

LOGFILELOGSLONG(R)

LONGBLOB(R)LONGTEXT(R)LOOP(R)

LOW_PRIORITY(R)MASTERMASTER_AUTO_POSITION

MASTER_BIND(R)MASTER_CONNECT_RETRYMASTER_DELAY

MASTER_HEARTBEAT_PERIODMASTER_HOSTMASTER_LOG_FILE

MASTER_LOG_POSMASTER_PASSWORDMASTER_PORT

MASTER_RETRY_COUNTMASTER_SERVER_IDMASTER_SSL

MASTER_SSL_CAMASTER_SSL_CAPATHMASTER_SSL_CERT

MASTER_SSL_CIPHERMASTER_SSL_CRLMASTER_SSL_CRLPATH

MASTER_SSL_KEYMASTER_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT(R)MASTER_TLS_VERSION^{[m]

MASTER_USERMATCH(R)MAXVALUE(R)

MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOURMAX_QUERIES_PER_HOURMAX_ROWS

MAX_SIZEMAX_STATEMENT_TIME^{[n]MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR

MAX_USER_CONNECTIONSMEDIUMMEDIUMBLOB(R)

MEDIUMINT(R)MEDIUMTEXT(R)MEMORY

MERGEMESSAGE_TEXTMICROSECOND

MIDDLEINT(R)MIGRATEMINUTE

MINUTE_MICROSECOND(R)MINUTE_SECOND(R)MIN_ROWS

MOD(R)MODEMODIFIES(R)

MODIFYMONTHMULTILINESTRING

MULTIPOINTMULTIPOLYGONMUTEX

MYSQL_ERRNONAMENAMES

NATIONALNATURAL(R)NCHAR

NDBNDBCLUSTERNEVER^{[o]

NEWNEXTNO

NODEGROUPNONBLOCKING^{[p]NONE

NOT(R)NO_WAITNO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG(R)

NULL(R)NUMBERNUMERIC(R)

NVARCHAROFFSETOLD_PASSWORD^{[q]

ON(R)ONEONLY

OPENOPTIMIZE(R)OPTIMIZER_COSTS^{[r](R)

OPTION(R)OPTIONALLY(R)OPTIONS

OR(R)ORDER(R)OUT(R)

OUTER(R)OUTFILE(R)OWNER

PACK_KEYSPAGEPARSER

PARSE_GCOL_EXPR^{[s]PARTIALPARTITION(R)

PARTITIONINGPARTITIONSPASSWORD

PHASEPLUGINPLUGINS

PLUGIN_DIRPOINTPOLYGON

PORTPRECEDES^{[t]PRECISION(R)

PREPAREPRESERVEPREV

PRIMARY(R)PRIVILEGESPROCEDURE(R)

PROCESSLISTPROFILEPROFILES

PROXYPURGE(R)QUARTER

QUERYQUICKRANGE(R)

READ(R)READS(R)READ_ONLY

READ_WRITE(R)REAL(R)REBUILD

RECOVERREDOFILEREDO_BUFFER_SIZE

REDUNDANTREFERENCES(R)REGEXP(R)

RELAYRELAYLOGRELAY_LOG_FILE

RELAY_LOG_POSRELAY_THREADRELEASE(R)

RELOADREMOVERENAME(R)

REORGANIZEREPAIRREPEAT(R)

REPEATABLEREPLACE(R)REPLICATE_DO_DB^{[u]

REPLICATE_DO_TABLE^{[v]REPLICATE_IGNORE_DB^{[w]REPLICATE_IGNORE_TABLE^{[x]

REPLICATE_REWRITE_DB^{[y]REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE^{[z]REPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLE^{[aa]

REPLICATIONREQUIRE(R)RESET

RESIGNAL(R)RESTORERESTRICT(R)

RESUMERETURN(R)RETURNED_SQLSTATE

RETURNSREVERSEREVOKE(R)

RIGHT(R)RLIKE(R)ROLLBACK

ROLLUPROTATE^{[ab]ROUTINE

ROWROWSROW_COUNT

ROW_FORMATRTREESAVEPOINT

SCHEDULESCHEMA(R)SCHEMAS(R)

SCHEMA_NAMESECONDSECOND_MICROSECOND(R)

SECURITYSELECT(R)SENSITIVE(R)

SEPARATOR(R)SERIALSERIALIZABLE

SERVERSESSIONSET(R)

SHARESHOW(R)SHUTDOWN

SIGNAL(R)SIGNEDSIMPLE

SLAVESLOWSMALLINT(R)

SNAPSHOTSOCKETSOME

SONAMESOUNDSSOURCE

SPATIAL(R)SPECIFIC(R)SQL(R)

SQLEXCEPTION(R)SQLSTATE(R)SQLWARNING(R)

SQL_AFTER_GTIDSSQL_AFTER_MTS_GAPSSQL_BEFORE_GTIDS

SQL_BIG_RESULT(R)SQL_BUFFER_RESULTSQL_CACHE

SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS(R)SQL_NO_CACHESQL_SMALL_RESULT(R)

SQL_THREADSQL_TSI_DAYSQL_TSI_HOUR

SQL_TSI_MINUTESQL_TSI_MONTHSQL_TSI_QUARTER

SQL_TSI_SECONDSQL_TSI_WEEKSQL_TSI_YEAR

SSL(R)STACKEDSTART

STARTING(R)STARTSSTATS_AUTO_RECALC

STATS_PERSISTENTSTATS_SAMPLE_PAGESSTATUS

STOPSTORAGESTORED^{[ac](R)

STRAIGHT_JOIN(R)STRINGSUBCLASS_ORIGIN

SUBJECTSUBPARTITIONSUBPARTITIONS

SUPERSUSPENDSWAPS

SWITCHESTABLE(R)TABLES

TABLESPACETABLE_CHECKSUMTABLE_NAME

TEMPORARYTEMPTABLETERMINATED(R)

TEXTTHANTHEN(R)

TIMETIMESTAMPTIMESTAMPADD

TIMESTAMPDIFFTINYBLOB(R)TINYINT(R)

TINYTEXT(R)TO(R)TRAILING(R)

TRANSACTIONTRIGGER(R)TRIGGERS

TRUE(R)TRUNCATETYPE

TYPESUNCOMMITTEDUNDEFINED

UNDO(R)UNDOFILEUNDO_BUFFER_SIZE

UNICODEUNINSTALLUNION(R)

UNIQUE(R)UNKNOWNUNLOCK(R)

UNSIGNED(R)UNTILUPDATE(R)

UPGRADEUSAGE(R)USE(R)

USERUSER_RESOURCESUSE_FRM

USING(R)UTC_DATE(R)UTC_TIME(R)

UTC_TIMESTAMP(R)VALIDATION^{[ad]VALUE

VALUES(R)VARBINARY(R)VARCHAR(R)

VARCHARACTER(R)VARIABLESVARYING(R)

VIEWVIRTUAL^{[ae](R)WAIT

WARNINGSWEEKWEIGHT_STRING

WHEN(R)WHERE(R)WHILE(R)

WITH(R)WITHOUT^{[af]WORK

WRAPPERWRITE(R)X509

XAXID^{[ag]XML

XOR(R)YEARYEAR_MONTH(R)

ZEROFILL(R)

^{[a]ACCOUNT: added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved)}
^{[b]ALWAYS: added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved)}
^{[c]CHANNEL: added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved)}
^{[d]COMPRESSION: added in 5.7.8 (nonreserved)}
^{[e]ENCRYPTION: added in 5.7.11 (nonreserved)}
^{[f]FILE_BLOCK_SIZE: added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved)}
^{[g]FILTER: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)}
^{[h]FOLLOWS: added in 5.7.2 (nonreserved)}
^{[i]GENERATED: added in 5.7.6 (reserved)}
^{[j]GROUP_REPLICATION: added in 5.7.6 (nonreserved)}
^{[k]INSTANCE: added in 5.7.11 (nonreserved)}
^{[l]JSON: added in 5.7.8 (nonreserved)}
^{[m]MASTER_TLS_VERSION: added in 5.7.10 (nonreserved)}
^{[n]MAX_STATEMENT_TIME: added in 5.7.4 (nonreserved); removed in 5.7.8}
^{[o]NEVER: added in 5.7.4 (nonreserved)}
^{[p]NONBLOCKING: removed in 5.7.6}
^{[q]OLD_PASSWORD: removed in 5.7.5}
^{[r]OPTIMIZER_COSTS: added in 5.7.5 (reserved)}
^{[s]PARSE_GCOL_EXPR: added in 5.7.6 (reserved); became nonreserved in 5.7.8}
^{[t]PRECEDES: added in 5.7.2 (nonreserved)}
^{[u]REPLICATE_DO_DB: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)}
^{[v]REPLICATE_DO_TABLE: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)}
^{[w]REPLICATE_IGNORE_DB: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)}
^{[x]REPLICATE_IGNORE_TABLE: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)}
^{[y]REPLICATE_REWRITE_DB: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)}
^{[z]REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)}
^{[aa]REPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLE: added in 5.7.3 (nonreserved)}
^{[ab]ROTATE: added in 5.7.11 (nonreserved)}
^{[ac]STORED: added in 5.7.6 (reserved)}
^{[ad]VALIDATION: added in 5.7.5 (nonreserved)}
^{[ae]VIRTUAL: added in 5.7.6 (reserved)}
^{[af]WITHOUT: added in 5.7.5 (nonreserved)}
^{[ag]XID: added in 5.7.5 (nonreserved)}
Table10.3Keywords and Reserved Words Added in MySQL 5.7 Compared to MySQL 5.6
ACCOUNTALWAYSCHANNELCOMPRESSIONENCRYPTIONFILE_BLOCK_SIZEFILTERFOLLOWSGENERATED(R)GROUP_REPLICATIONINSTANCEJSONMASTER_TLS_VERSIONNEVEROPTIMIZER_COSTS(R)PARSE_GCOL_EXPRPRECEDESREPLICATE_DO_DBREPLICATE_DO_TABLEREPLICATE_IGNORE_DBREPLICATE_IGNORE_TABLEREPLICATE_REWRITE_DBREPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLEREPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLEROTATESTACKEDSTORED(R)VALIDATIONVIRTUAL(R)WITHOUTXID关于如何理解MySQL 5.7中的关键字和保留字问题的解答就分享到这里了，希望以上内容可以对大家有一定的帮助，如果你还有很多疑惑没有解开，可以关注亿速云行业资讯频道了解更多相关知识。}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}