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对从12cR1 RAC到单机文件系统的还原做个简单的示例。
1、参数文件的修改

SQL> create pfile='/home/oracle/init.ora' from spfile;

通过上述命令转储pfile出来进行参数的修改。

2、将备份出的控制文件在单机上进行还原

RMAN> restore controlfile from '/recovert_area/tmp/controlfile_db_p5sb7rbl_1_1.bak;

3、还原数据库
将备份集放入recovery_area/bak/目录下，执行以下命令：

RMAN> catalog start with '/recovery_area/bak/';

这里的数据文件文件和临时文件的路径需要更改下，因为是还原到文件系统，这里给出示例脚本没有给出最终的数据文件名称，所以只供参考：

select 'set newname for tempfile '||file#|| ' to ''/ora12c/oradata/cdb/'';' from v$tempfile where con_id=1;

select 'set newname for tempfile '||file#|| ' to ''/ora12c/oradata/seed/'';' from v$tempfile where con_id=2;

select 'set newname for tempfile '||file#|| ' to ''/ora12c/oradata/pdb/pdb1/'';' from v$tempfile where con_id=3;

select 'set newname for datafile '||file#|| ' to ''/ora12c/oradata/cdb/'';' from v$datafile where con_id=1;

select 'set newname for datafile '||file#|| ' to ''/ora12c/oradata/seed/'';' from v$datafile where con_id=2;

select 'set newname for datafile '||file#|| ' to ''/ora12c/oradata/pdb/pdb1/'';' from v$datafile where con_id=3;

下面给出还原的脚本，供参考

run

{

set newname for datafile 1 to '/ora12c/oradata/cdb/system01.dbf';

set newname for datafile 3 to '/ora12c/oradata/cdb/sysaux01.dbf';

set newname for datafile 4 to '/ora12c/oradata/cdb/undotbs01.dbf';

set newname for datafile 6 to '/ora12c/oradata/cdb/users01.dbf';

set newname for datafile 8 to '/ora12c/oradata/cdb/undotbs02.dbf';

set newname for datafile 9 to '/ora12c/oradata/cdb/undotbs03.dbf';

set newname for datafile 5 to '/ora12c/oradata/seed/system01.dbf';

set newname for datafile 7 to '/ora12c/oradata/seed/sysaux01.dbf';

set newname for datafile 10 to '/ora12c/oradata/pdb/pdb1/clsprm_system.dbf';

set newname for datafile 11 to '/ora12c/oradata/pdb/pdb1/clsprm_sysaux.dbf';

set newname for datafile 12 to '/ora12c/oradata/pdb/pdb1/clsprm_users01.dbf';

set newname for datafile 14 to '/ora12c/oradata/pdb/pdb1/test2_01.dbf';

set newname for datafile 16 to '/ora12c/oradata/pdb/pdb1/test021.dbf';

set newname for tempfile 1 to '/ora12c/oradata/cdb/temp01.dbf';

set newname for tempfile 2 to '/ora12c/oradata/seed/temp01.dbf';

set newname for tempfile 3 to '/ora12c/oradata/pdb/pdb1/temp01.dbf';

restore database;

switch datafile all;

switch tempfile all;

}

4、恢复数据库
这里做不完全恢复。

RMAN>list backup of database;
省略部分。。。。。
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
1 Full 40189418 06-AUG-17 /ora12c/oradata/cdb/system01.dbf
3 Full 40189418 06-AUG-17 /ora12c/oradata/cdb/sysaux01.dbf
4 Full 40189418 06-AUG-17 /ora12c/oradata/cdb/undotbs01.dbf
6 Full 40189418 06-AUG-17 /ora12c/oradata/cdb/users01.dbf
省略部分。。。。。
==》通过上述部分可以看到Ckp SCN 为40189418、

RMAN>list backup of archivelog all;
省略部分。。。
Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time
---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------
1 664 40186320 06-AUG-17 40188631 06-AUG-17
1 665 40188631 06-AUG-17 40190128 06-AUG-17
2 634 40186323 06-AUG-17 40188634 06-AUG-17
2 635 40188634 06-AUG-17 40190122 06-AUG-17
3 582 40186334 06-AUG-17 40188628 06-AUG-17
3 583 40188628 06-AUG-17 40190125 06-AUG-17
省略部分。。。
==》通过对归档的Low SCN和Next SCN以及Ckp SCN 的分析，确认恢复到scn号为40190122。

以下给出恢复的脚本，供参考

run {

set archivelog destination to '/recovery_area/tmp/';

recover database until scn 40190122;

}

5、打开数据库

RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;

如果打不开，要求介质恢复，可以继续追加归档日志进行恢复。

6、删除多余的日志组和undo表空间
（1）清理日志组

SELECT b.member, a.group#,thread#, a.status

FROM v$log a, v$logfile b

WHERE a.group# = b.group#

ORDER BY a.thread#,b.group#;

MEMBER GROUP# THREAD# STATUS

------------------------------ ---------- ---------- -------------

+CDB/cdb/redo01.log 1 1 CURRENT

+CDB/cdb/redo02.log 2 1 UNUSED

+CDB/cdb/redo03.log 3 2 INACTIVE

+CDB/cdb/redo04.log 4 2 UNUSED

+CDB/cdb/redo05.log 5 3 INACTIVE

+CDB/cdb/redo06.log 6 3 UNUSED

==》这里删除组3，4，5，6

SQL> alter database disable thread 2;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database disable thread 3;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database drop logfile group 3;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database drop logfile group 4;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database drop logfile group 5;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database drop logfile group 6;

Database altered.

（2）清理unod表空间

SQL> select name from v$tablespace where name like 'UNDO%';

NAME

-------------------------

UNDOTBS1

UNDOTBS2

UNDOTBS3

==》通过show parameter undo_tablespace 命令确认要保留的undo,这里删除UNDOTBS2和UNDOTBS3表空间

SQL> drop tablespace UNDOTBS2 including contents and datafiles;

Tablespace dropped.

SQL> drop tablespace UNDOTBS3 including contents and datafiles;

Tablespace dropped.

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