github项目地址： https://github.com/v587xpt/lottery_spider
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上次做了一个双色球的数据爬取，其实大乐透的爬取也很简单，使用request就可以爬取，但是为了更好的进步，这次爬取大乐透采用了scrapy框架。

scrapy框架的运行机制不介绍了，不懂的先去google了解下吧；

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我使用的是windows进行开发的，所以需要在windows上安装好scrapy；假设已安装好该框架；

1、打开cmd，运行

scrapy startproject lottery_spider

命令，会在命令运行的文件下生成一个lottery_spider的项目
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2、再执行 cd lottery_spider 进入lottery_spider项目，执行  

scrapy gensiper lottery "www.lottery.gov.cn"

lottery 为爬虫文件；

www.lottery.gov.cn 为目标网站；

创建完毕后会在项目的 spider文件夹下生成爬虫文件： lottery.py
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1、items.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# Define here the models for your scraped items## See documentation in:# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.htmlimport scrapyclass LotterySpiderItem(scrapy.Item): qihao = scrapy.Field() bule_ball = scrapy.Field() red_ball = scrapy.Field()

此文件定义了数据的模型，就是数据的参数；qihao、bule_ball、red_ball ；
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2、lottery.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import scrapyfrom lottery_spider.items import LotterySpiderItemclass LotterySpider(scrapy.Spider): name = 'lottery' allowed_domains = ['gov.cn'] #允许爬虫爬取目标网站的域名，此域名之外的不会爬取； start_urls = ['http://www.lottery.gov.cn/historykj/history_1.jspx?_ltype=dlt'] #起始页；从合格web开始爬取； def parse(self, response): #使用xpath获取数据前的路径，返回一个list的格式数据； results = response.xpath("//div[@class='yylMain']//div[@class='result']//tbody//tr") for result in results: #results数据需要for循环遍历； qihao = result.xpath(".//td[1]//text()").get() bule_ball_1 = result.xpath(".//td[2]//text()").get() bule_ball_2 = result.xpath(".//td[3]//text()").get() bule_ball_3 = result.xpath(".//td[4]//text()").get() bule_ball_4 = result.xpath(".//td[5]//text()").get() bule_ball_5 = result.xpath(".//td[6]//text()").get() red_ball_1 = result.xpath(".//td[7]//text()").get() red_ball_2 = result.xpath(".//td[8]//text()").get() bule_ball_list = [] #定义一个列表，用于存储五个蓝球 bule_ball_list.append(bule_ball_1) bule_ball_list.append(bule_ball_2) bule_ball_list.append(bule_ball_3) bule_ball_list.append(bule_ball_4) bule_ball_list.append(bule_ball_5) red_ball_list = [] #定义一个列表，用于存储2个红球 red_ball_list.append(red_ball_1) red_ball_list.append(red_ball_2) print("===================================================") print("❤期号："+ str(qihao) + " ❤" + "蓝球："+ str(bule_ball_list) + " ❤" + "红球" + str(red_ball_list)) item = LotterySpiderItem(qihao = qihao,bule_ball = bule_ball_list,red_ball = red_ball_list) yield item next_url = response.xpath("//div[@class='page']/div/a[3]/@href").get() if not next_url: return else: last_url = "http://www.lottery.gov.cn/historykj/" + next_url yield scrapy.Request(last_url,callback=self.parse) #这里调用parse方法的时候不用加();

此文件是运行的爬虫文件；

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3、pipelines.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# Define your item pipelines here## Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.htmlimport jsonclass LotterySpiderPipeline(object): def __init__(self): print("爬虫开始......") self.fp = open("daletou.json", 'w', encoding='utf-8') # 打开一个json文件 def process_item(self, item, spider): item_json = json.dumps(dict(item), ensure_ascii=False) #注意此处的item，需要dict来进行序列化； self.fp.write(item_json + '\n') return item def close_spider(self,spider): self.fp.close() print("爬虫结束......")

此文件负责数据的保存，代码中将数据保存为了json数据；
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4、settings.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-# Scrapy settings for lottery_spider project## For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:## https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.htmlBOT_NAME = 'lottery_spider'SPIDER_MODULES = ['lottery_spider.spiders']NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'lottery_spider.spiders'# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent#USER_AGENT = 'lottery_spider (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'# Obey robots.txt rulesROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False #False，不去寻找网站设置的rebots.txt文件；# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay# See also autothrottle settings and docsDOWNLOAD_DELAY = 1 #配置爬虫速度，1秒一次# The download delay setting will honor only one of:#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16# Disable cookies (enabled by default)#COOKIES_ENABLED = False# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False# Override the default request headers:DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = { #配置爬虫的请求头，模拟浏览器请求； 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8', 'Accept-Language': 'en', 'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.120 Safari/537.36'}# Enable or disable spider middlewares# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {# 'lottery_spider.middlewares.LotterySpiderSpiderMiddleware': 543,#}# Enable or disable downloader middlewares# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {# 'lottery_spider.middlewares.LotterySpiderDownloaderMiddleware': 543,#}# Enable or disable extensions# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html#EXTENSIONS = {# 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,#}# Configure item pipelines# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.htmlITEM_PIPELINES = { #取消此配置的注释，让pipelines.py可以运行； 'lottery_spider.pipelines.LotterySpiderPipeline': 300,}# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True# The initial download delay#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to# each remote server#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

此文件是整个爬虫项目的运行配置文件；
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5、start.py

from scrapy import cmdlinecmdline.execute("scrapy crawl lottery".split())#等价于 ↓# cmdline.execute(["scrapy","crawl","xiaoshuo"])

此文件是新建的文件，配置后就不用cmd中执行命令运行项目了；