一、什么是FastCGIFastCGI是一个可伸缩、高速在HTTPserver和动态脚本语言之间的一个通信接口.大多数的HTTPserver都支持FastCGI，比如：NginxAapachelighttpd等..FastCGI被很多语言所支持。其中就有PHP.二、Nginx+FastCGI运行原理(1)Nginx不支持对外程序的直接调用或者解析，所有的外包程序(包括PHP)都必须通过FastCGI来调用(2)FastCGI接口在Linux下面可以(socket文件的方式存在，那么可以IP)，(3)为了调用CGI程序，还需要一个FastCGI的wrapper，当Nginx发送CGI的请求给这个socket的时候。通过FastCGI接口wrapper接受到的请求，然后派生出一个新的线程，这个线程调用外部程序或者脚本读却返回数据.最后wrapper在将返回的数据通过FastCGI接口，沿着固定的socket传递给Nginx，最后返回给数据发送的客户端.Nginx-->发送一个CGI请求-->FastCGI(warpper)接收到这个请求--->派生出一个新的线程--->调用外部程序或者脚本返回数据--->wrapper将数据沿着固定的socket传递给Nginx-->由Nginx在把这个数据返回给用户.三、PHP与PHP-FPM的安装与优化PHP-FPM也是第三方的FastCGI的进程管理，它作为PHP补丁一起开发，编写的时候跟着一起编译到PHP内核当中，PHP-FPM在处理高并发的方面非常的优秀.它的一个有点呢：就是把动态语言和HTTPserver分离开来(动静分离)，Httpserver主要处理静态请求，PHP-FPM处理动态请求。所有呢PHP/PHP-FPM和Nginx经常组合到一块安装到一台机器上，以满足业务需求.四、首先安装Mysql(1)首先安装Mysql数据库，PHP在编译的时候需要mysql的一个配置这样PHP远程链接Mysql才有用#cd/data/soft/#tarxfmysql-5.1.49.tar.gz-Ctmp/#cdtmp/mysql-5.1.49/#CONFOPTS="\--with-charset=utf8\--with-plugins=partition,federated,innobase,myisam\--enable-static\--enable-assembler\--enable-thread-safe-client\--with-client-ldflags=-all-static-ltinfo\--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static-ltinfo\--with-big-tables\--with-mysqld-user=mysql\--without-debug\--without-ndb-debug\--localstatedir=/usr/local/services/mysql-5.1.49/var\--prefix=/usr/local/services/mysql-5.1.49\"#./configure$CONFOPTS>/dev/null#make>/dev/null&&makeinstall>/dev/null五、安装PHP的依赖库①libxml2-2.7.7.tar.gz#cd/data/soft/#tarxflibxml2-2.7.7.tar.gz–Ctmp/#cdtmp/libxml2-2.7.7/#./configure--prefix=/usr/local/services>/dev/null#make>/dev/null&&makeinstall>/dev/null②curl-7.21.4.tar.gz#cd/data/soft/#tarxfcurl-7.21.4.tar.gz-Ctmp/#cdtmp/curl-7.21.4/#./configure--prefix=/usr/local/services>/dev/null#make>/dev/null&&makeinstall>/dev/null③jpegsrc.v8b.tar.gz#cd/data/soft/#tarxfjpegsrc.v8b.tar.gz–Ctmp/#cdtmp/jpeg-8b/#./configure--prefix=/usr/local/services>/dev/null#make>/dev/null&&makeinstall>/dev/null④libpng-1.4.3.tar.gz#cd/data/soft/#tarxflibpng-1.4.3.tar.gz-Ctmp/#cdtmp/libpng-1.4.3/#./configure--prefix=/usr/local/services>/dev/null#make>/dev/null&&makeinstall>/dev/null⑤freetype-2.4.1.tar.gz#cd/data/soft/#tarxffreetype-2.4.1.tar.gz-Ctmp/#cdtmp/freetype-2.4.1/#./configure--prefix=/usr/local/services>/dev/null#make>/dev/null&&makeinstall>/dev/null⑥libevent-2.0.10-stable.tar.gz#cd/data/soft/#tarxflibevent-2.0.10-stable.tar.gz–Ctmp/#cdtmp/libevent-2.0.10-stable/#./configure--prefix=/usr/local/services--disable-debug-mode>/dev/null#make>/dev/null&&makeinstall>/dev/null⑦re2c-0.13.5.tar.gz#cd/data/soft/#tarxfre2c-0.13.5.tar.gz-Ctmp/#cdtmp/re2c-0.13.5/#./configure--prefix=/usr/local/services>/dev/null#make>/dev/null&&makeinstall>/dev/null⑧libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz#cd/data/soft/#tarxflibmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2-Ctmp/#cdtmp/libmcrypt-2.5.8/#./configure--prefix=/usr/local/services>/dev/null#make>/dev/null&&makeinstall>/dev/null#cdlibltdl/#./configure--prefix=/usr/local/services--enable-ltdl-install>/dev/null#make>/dev/null&&makeinstall>/dev/null六、安装PHP的依赖库wgethttp://php.net/distributions/php-5.3.13.tar.gzphp-5.3.13.tar.gz#cd/data/soft/#tarxfphp-5.3.13.tar.gz-Ctmp/#cdtmp/php-5.3.13/#CONFOPTS="--enable-zend-multibyte\--enable-mbstring\--enable-sockets\--enable-pdo\--enable-zip\--enable-fpm\--with-gd\--with-fpm-user=user_00\--with-fpm-group=user_00\--with-zlib\--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/services/php-5.3.13/etc\--with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/services\--with-curl=/usr/local/services\--with-png-dir=/usr/local/services\--with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local/services\--with-freetype-dir=/usr/local/services\--with-mysql=/usr/local/services/mysql\--with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/services/mysql\--with-mysqli=/usr/local/services/mysql/bin/mysql_config\--prefix=/usr/local/services/php-5.3.13\"#./configure$CONFOPTS#make>/dev/null&&makeinstall>/dev/null编译错误解决：/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sockconfigure:error:Cannotfindlibmysqlclientunder/usr.NotethattheMySQLclientlibraryisnotbundledanymore!解决方法：cp-rp/usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient.so.16.0.0/usr/lib/libmysqlclient.so七、安装PHP的扩展模块①eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2#cd/data/soft/#tarxfeaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2-Ctmp/#cdtmp/eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/#/usr/local/services/php-5.3.13/bin/phpize#./configure--prefix=/usr/local/services/eaccelerator-0.9.6.1--enable-eaccelerator--with-php-config=/usr/local/services/php-5.3.13/bin/php-config>/dev/null#make>/dev/null&&makeinstall>/dev/null#mkdir/tmp/eaccelerator#chmod777/tmp/eaccelerator②memcached-1.4.13.tar.gz(服务器端要前安装，下面的编译扩展模块要用到)#cd/data/soft/#tarxfmemcached-1.4.13.tar.gz-Ctmp/#cdtmp/memcached-1.4.13/#./configure--enable-64bit--with-libevent=/usr/local/services--prefix=/usr/local/services/memcached-1.4.13>/dev/null#make>/dev/null&&makeinstall>/dev/null③libmemcached-0.48.tar.gz#cd/data/soft/#tarxflibmemcached-0.48.tar.gz-Ctmp/#cdtmp/libmemcached-0.48/#CONFOPTS="--disable-libinnodb--without-libinnodb-prefix--with-libevent-prefix=/usr/local/services--with-memcached=/usr/local/services/memcached-1.4.13/bin/memcached--prefix=/usr/local/services"#./configure$CONFOPTS>/dev/null#make>/dev/null&&makeinstall>/dev/null④igbinary-1.0.2.tgz#cd/data/soft/#tarxfigbinary-1.0.2.tar.gz-Ctmp/#cdtmp/igbinary-1.0.2/#/usr/local/services/php-5.3.13/bin/phpize#./configure--enable-igbinary--with-php-config=/usr/local/services/php-5.3.13/bin/php-config>/dev/null#make>/dev/null&&makeinstall>/dev/null⑤memcache-3.0.5.tgz#cd/data/soft/#tarxfmemcache-3.0.5.tgz-Ctmp/#cdtmp/memcache-3.0.5/#/usr/local/services/php-5.3.13/bin/phpize#CONFOPTS="\--enable-memcache\--with-php-config=/usr/local/services/php-5.3.13/bin/php-config\"#./configure$CONFOPTS>/dev/null#make>/dev/null&&makeinstall>/dev/null⑥memcached-1.0.2.tgz(注意安装的顺序，igbinary-1.1.1.tgz是依赖库)#cd/data/soft/#tarxfmemcached-1.0.2.tgz-Ctmp/#cdtmp/memcached-1.0.2/#/usr/local/services/php-5.3.13/bin/phpize#CONFOPTS="\--enable-memcached\--enable-memcached-igbinary\--enable-memcached-json\--with-libmemcached-dir=/usr/local/services\--with-php-config=/usr/local/services/php-5.3.13/bin/php-config\--prefix=/usr/local/services\"#./configure$CONFOPTS>/dev/null#make>/dev/null&&makeinstall>/dev/null⑦owlient-phpredis-2.1.1-1-g90ecd17.tar.gz#cd/data/soft/#tarxfowlient-phpredis-2.1.1-1-g90ecd17.tar.gz-Ctmp/#cdtmp/owlient-phpredis-90ecd17/#/usr/local/services/php-5.3.13/bin/phpize#./configure--with-php-config=/usr/local/services/php-5.3.13/bin/php-config>/dev/null#make>/dev/null&&makeinstall>/dev/null九、拷贝配置文件：#cd/usr/local/services/php-5.3.13/etc#cpphp-fpm.conf.defaultphp-fpm.conf#cp/soft/php/php-5.3.13/php.ini-productionphp.ini1.PHP配置文件优化与调整1.在php-fpm.conf里面调整.;listen=127.0.0.1:9000listen=/tmp/php-cgi.tuge.sock#以socke的方式访问.注视掉.ip端口的方式.;DefaultValue:log/php-fpm.logerror_log=/data/php_log/tuge.php.error#根据不同的项目名.定义不同的.sock和日志.#调整进程数量pm.max_children：静态方式下开启的php-fpm进程数量。pm.start_servers：动态方式下的起始php-fpm进程数量。pm.min_spare_servers：动态方式下的最小php-fpm进程数量。pm.max_spare_servers：动态方式下的最大php-fpm进程数量。2.在php.ini加入扩展模块.在尾部添加:[eaccelerator]zend_extension="/usr/local/services/php-5.3.13/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/eaccelerator.so"eaccelerator.shm_size="16"eaccelerator.cache_dir="/tmp/eaccelerator"eaccelerator.enable="1"eaccelerator.optimizer="1"eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"eaccelerator.debug="0"eaccelerator.filter=""eaccelerator.shm_max="0"eaccelerator.shm_ttl="0"eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="0"eaccelerator.shm_only="0"eaccelerator.compress="1"eaccelerator.compress_level="9"扩展模块增加extension=memcached.soextension=redis.soextension=memcache.soextension=igbinary.so十、启动PHP-FPM#cd../sbin#./php-fpm十一、Nginx配置文件调整#vim/usr/local/services/nginx-0.8.55/conf/vhost/vhost.zhangyi.com#可以指定多个localtion进行不同的指令处理，这里是指定php的socklocation~\.php${fastcgi_passunix:/tmp/php-cgi.zhangyi.sock;#修改这里fastcgi_indexindex.php;includefastcgi_params;fastcgi_paramSCRIPT_FILENAME$document_root$fastcgi_script_name;fastcgi_paramSERVER_NAME$http_host;fastcgi_ignore_client_aborton;}十二、重启Nginux#cd/usr/local/services/nginx-0.8.55/sbin#./nginx-sreload十三、测试#cd/data/www#mvindex.htmlindex.php#vimindex.php<?phpphpinfo();?>在firefox浏览器上登录