（爬虫预热）01 Requests模块

2025-02-05 技术教程

一、Requests模块的作用。

Requests 的左右就是充当http的客户端，向服务端发送http请求，然后获得对应的响应头和响应体。

二、包含的请求方式。

#请求方式:
#requests.post()
#requests.get()
#requests.delete()
#requests.head()
#requests.options()

三、基本用法。

response = requests.get("https://www.baidu.com") #向指定url发送get请求。

(response.text)#从服务端返回的response中获取html文档信息。(response.status_code)#从服务端返回的response中获取本次响应的状态码。(response.cookies)#从服务端获得本次响应的cookies。

（1）基本get请求。

#带参数的get请求，有两种传递参数的方式。第一种方法：importrequestsresponse=requests.get("#在本次的GET请求中一共传了两个参数，分别是name=hamasakiage=40.print(response.text)第二种方法：另外一种传参方式，就是通过生成dict，这种传参的方式比较常用：importrequestsdata={"name":"hamasaki","age":40}response=requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get",params=data)print(response.text)

（2）通过Requests 获取二进制的数据。

importrequestsresponse=requests.get("https://githup.com/favicon.ico")("favicon.ico","wb")asf:f.write(response.content)

（3）添加headers。

import requests

headers={'Content-Type':'application/json;charset=utf-8',''Host':'www.baidu.com'}response=requests.get(url="www.baidu.com",headers=headers)print(response.text)

（4）基本post请求。

import requests

headers = {

'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=utf-8',

'accept': '*/*',

'accept-encoding':'gzip, deflate, br',

'accept-language':'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',

'access-control-request-headers':'content-type',

#'access-control-request-method:':'POST',

'origin': 'https://www.nike.com',

'referer':'https://www.nike.com/cn/zh_cn/e/nike-plus-membership',

'user-agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/72.0.3626.96 Safari/537.36',

}

post_data = {

"client_id":"HlHa2Cje3ctlaOqnxvgZXNaAs7T9nAuH",

"grant_type":"password",

"password":"Suhaozhi123",

"username":"+861394227097",

"ux_id":"com.nike.commerce.nikedotcom.web"

}

response = requests.post(url="https://unite.nike.com/login)

print(response2.status_code)

（5）post请求上传文件。

import requests

files = {'file':open('ayumi.jpg','rb')}
response = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post",files=files)

(6)使用代理。

import requests

proxy_dict = { #普通http,https代理。
"http":"http://127.0.0.1:9743",
"https":"https://127.0.0.1:9743"
}

response = requests.get("https://www.baidu.com",proxies=proxy_dict)
print(response.status_code)

#入需输入用户名密码的代理

import requests

proxy_dict = {
"http":"http://user:password@127.0.0.1:9743",
"https":"https://user:password@127.0.0.1:9743"
}

response = requests.get("https://www.baidu.com",proxies=proxy_dict)
print(response.status_code)

#socks代理

pip install 'requests[socks]'

import requests

proxy_dict = {
"http":"socks5://127.0.0.1:9743",
"https":"socks5://127.0.0.1:9743"
}

response = requests.get("https://www.baidu.com",proxies=proxy_dict)
print(response.status_code)

四、Respouse相关用法。

response.status_code #获取状态码。

response.headers #获取响应头。

response.cookies #获取cookies对象。

response.url #获取请求时的url。

response.history #获取历史记录。

(1)获取cookie

import requests

response = requests.get("https://www.baidu.com")
for k,v in response.cookies.items():
print(k+"="+v)

五、异常处理相关：

import requests
from requests.exceptions import ReadTimeout,ConnectionError,RequestException
try:
response = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get",timeour=0.5)
print(response.status_code)
except ReadTimeout:
print("Timeout")
except ConnectionError:
print("connection error")
except RequestException:
print("error")