参考：刘天斯《Python自动化运维技术与最佳实践》

grains是Saltstack最重要的组件之一，grains的作用是收集被控主机的基本信息，这些信息通常都是一些静态类的数据，包括CPU、内核、操作系统、虚拟化等，在服务器端可以根据这些信息进行灵活定制，管理员可以利用这些信息对不同业务进行个性化定制。

获取所有主机的grains项信息，发现没有max_openfile,等会我们手动编写一个。

[root@salt-masterbase]#salt'*'grains.lssalt-master:-SSDs-biosreleasedate-biosversion-cpu_flags-cpu_model-cpuarch-disks-dns-domain-fqdn-fqdn_ip4-fqdn_ip6-gid-gpus-groupname-host-hwaddr_interfaces-id-init-ip4_interfaces-ip6_interfaces-ip_interfaces-ipv4-ipv6-kernel-kernelrelease-locale_info-localhost-lsb_distrib_codename-lsb_distrib_id-machine_id-manufacturer-master-mdadm-mem_total-nodename-num_cpus-num_gpus-os-os_family-osarch-oscodename-osfinger-osfullname-osmajorrelease-osrelease-osrelease_info-path-pid-productname-ps-pythonexecutable-pythonpath-pythonversion-saltpath-saltversion-saltversioninfo-selinux-serialnumber-server_id-shell-systemd-uid-username-uuid-virtual-zmqversionsalt-minion01:-SSDs-cpu_flags-cpu_model-cpuarch-disks-dns-domain-fqdn-fqdn_ip4-fqdn_ip6-gid-gpus-groupname-host-hwaddr_interfaces-id-init-ip4_interfaces-ip6_interfaces-ip_interfaces-ipv4-ipv6-kernel-kernelrelease-locale_info-localhost-lsb_distrib_codename-lsb_distrib_id-lsb_distrib_release-master-max_open_file-mdadm-mem_total-nodename-num_cpus-num_gpus-os-os_family-osarch-oscodename-osfinger-osfullname-osmajorrelease-osrelease-osrelease_info-path-pid-ps-pythonexecutable-pythonpath-pythonversion-saltpath-saltversion-saltversioninfo-selinux-server_id-shell-uid-username-virtual-zmqversionhddcluster2:-SSDs-biosreleasedate-biosversion-cpu_flags-cpu_model-cpuarch-disks-dns-domain-fqdn-fqdn_ip4-fqdn_ip6-gid-gpus-groupname-host-hwaddr_interfaces-id-init-ip4_interfaces-ip6_interfaces-ip_interfaces-ipv4-ipv6-kernel-kernelrelease-locale_info-localhost-lsb_distrib_codename-lsb_distrib_id-lsb_distrib_release-machine_id-manufacturer-master-mdadm-mem_total-nodename-num_cpus-num_gpus-os-os_family-osarch-oscodename-osfinger-osfullname-osmajorrelease-osrelease-osrelease_info-path-pid-productname-ps-pythonexecutable-pythonpath-pythonversion-saltpath-saltversion-saltversioninfo-selinux-serialnumber-server_id-shell-systemd-uid-username-uuid-virtual-zmqversionhddcluster4:-SSDs-biosreleasedate-biosversion-cpu_flags-cpu_model-cpuarch-disks-dns-domain-fqdn-fqdn_ip4-fqdn_ip6-gid-gpus-groupname-host-hwaddr_interfaces-id-init-ip4_interfaces-ip6_interfaces-ip_interfaces-ipv4-ipv6-kernel-kernelrelease-locale_info-localhost-lsb_distrib_codename-lsb_distrib_id-lsb_distrib_release-machine_id-manufacturer-master-mdadm-mem_total-nodename-num_cpus-num_gpus-os-os_family-osarch-oscodename-osfinger-osfullname-osmajorrelease-osrelease-osrelease_info-path-pid-productname-ps-pythonexecutable-pythonpath-pythonversion-saltpath-saltversion-saltversioninfo-selinux-serialnumber-server_id-shell-systemd-uid-username-uuid-virtual-zmqversionhddcluster3:-SSDs-biosreleasedate-biosversion-cpu_flags-cpu_model-cpuarch-disks-dns-domain-fqdn-fqdn_ip4-fqdn_ip6-gid-gpus-groupname-host-hwaddr_interfaces-id-init-ip4_interfaces-ip6_interfaces-ip_interfaces-ipv4-ipv6-kernel-kernelrelease-locale_info-localhost-lsb_distrib_codename-lsb_distrib_id-lsb_distrib_release-machine_id-manufacturer-master-mdadm-mem_total-nodename-num_cpus-num_gpus-os-os_family-osarch-oscodename-osfinger-osfullname-osmajorrelease-osrelease-osrelease_info-path-pid-productname-ps-pythonexecutable-pythonpath-pythonversion-saltpath-saltversion-saltversioninfo-selinux-serialnumber-server_id-shell-systemd-uid-username-uuid-virtual-zmqversionhddcluster1:-SSDs-biosreleasedate-biosversion-cpu_flags-cpu_model-cpuarch-disks-dns-domain-fqdn-fqdn_ip4-fqdn_ip6-gid-gpus-groupname-host-hwaddr_interfaces-id-init-ip4_interfaces-ip6_interfaces-ip_interfaces-ipv4-ipv6-kernel-kernelrelease-locale_info-localhost-lsb_distrib_codename-lsb_distrib_id-lsb_distrib_release-machine_id-manufacturer-master-mdadm-mem_total-nodename-num_cpus-num_gpus-os-os_family-osarch-oscodename-osfinger-osfullname-osmajorrelease-osrelease-osrelease_info-path-pid-productname-ps-pythonexecutable-pythonpath-pythonversion-saltpath-saltversion-saltversioninfo-selinux-serialnumber-server_id-shell-systemd-uid-username-uuid-virtual-zmqversio

定义grains数据的方法有两种，一种为在被控主机定制配置文件：另一种是通过主控端扩展模块API实现。

我这这里直说主控端，毕竟我们要搞自动化运维，需要批量操作。

主控端扩展模块定制grains数据vim/etc/salt/masterfile_roots:base://基础平台-/srv/salt/baseprod://生产平台-/srv/salt/prodinstall-d/srv/salt/base/_grains

vim/srv/salt/base/_grains/grains_openfile.py//编写一个python脚本获取max_openfile的值#!/usr/bin/envpython#-*-coding:utf-8-*-importos,sys,commands#定义一个获取最大打开文件数的函数，函数名称没有要求，符合python函数命名规则即可defGrains_openfile():'''returnosmaxopenfileofgrainsvalue'''grains={}#初始化一个字典，变量名一定要用grains,以便Saltstack识别_open_file=65535#初始化一个默认值try:getulimit=commands.getstatusoutput('source/etc/profile;ulimit-n')exceptException,e:passifgetulimit[0]==0:_open_file=int(getulimit[1])grains['max_open_file']=_open_file#将获取的ulimit-n的结果进行赋值，其中'max_open_file'就是grains项，——open_file就是grains的值returngrains

最后同步模块到指定被控主机并刷新生效，因为grains比较适合采集静态类的数据，比如硬件、内核信息等，当有动态类的功能需求时，需要进行刷新。
同步操作：

服务端master[root@salt-masterbase]#salt'salt-minion01'saltutil.sync_allsalt-minion01:----------beacons:engines:grains:-grains.grains_openfilelog_handlers:modules:output:proxymodules:renderers:returners:sdb:states:utils:

客户端minion结果：文件同步到被控端的cache目录中[root@salt-minion01~]#find/-typef-namegrains_openfile.py/var/cache/salt/minion/files/base/_grains/grains_openfile.py/var/cache/salt/minion/extmods/grains/grains_openfile.py#注：/var/cache/salt/minion/extmods/grains/为扩展模块文件最终存放位置，刷新模块后将在同路径下生产字节码pyc；/var/cache/salt/minion/files/base/_grains/为临时存放位置。

刷新操作:[root@salt-masterbase]#salt'salt-minion01'sys.reload_modulessalt-minion01:True[root@salt-minion01~]#find/-typef-namegrains_openfile.py*/var/cache/salt/minion/files/base/_grains/grains_openfile.py/var/cache/salt/minion/extmods/grains/grains_openfile.pyc//多了一个pyc/var/cache/salt/minion/extmods/grains/grains_openfile.py

查看同步后是否能正常获取数据[root@salt-masterbase]#salt'salt-minion01'grains.itemmax_open_filesalt-minion01:----------max_open_file:1024其他未同步的，并不会有max_open_file数据[root@salt-masterbase]#salt'*'grains.itemmax_open_filesalt-master:----------max_open_file:salt-minion01:----------max_open_file:1024hddcluster2:----------max_open_file:hddcluster4:----------max_open_file:hddcluster3:----------max_open_file:hddcluster1:----------max_open_file:[root@salt-masterbase]#其他未同步的，并不会有max数据，也没有这个模块[root@salt-masterbase]#salt'*'grains.itemmaxsalt-master:----------max:hddcluster2:----------max:salt-minion01:----------max:hddcluster3:----------max:hddcluster4:----------max:hddcluster1:----------max:

最后再试一下吧，同步所有机器，再刷新所有机器

[root@salt-masterbase]#salt'*'saltutil.sync_allsalt-master:----------beacons:engines:grains:-grains.grains_openfilelog_handlers:modules:output:proxymodules:renderers:returners:sdb:states:utils:salt-minion01://这个同步过了，没有更新----------beacons:engines:grains:log_handlers:modules:output:proxymodules:renderers:returners:sdb:states:utils:hddcluster2:----------beacons:engines:grains:-grains.grains_openfilelog_handlers:modules:output:proxymodules:renderers:returners:sdb:states:utils:hddcluster3:----------beacons:engines:grains:-grains.grains_openfilelog_handlers:modules:output:proxymodules:renderers:returners:sdb:states:utils:hddcluster4:----------beacons:engines:grains:-grains.grains_openfilelog_handlers:modules:output:proxymodules:renderers:returners:sdb:states:utils:hddcluster1:----------beacons:engines:grains:-grains.grains_openfilelog_handlers:modules:output:proxymodules:renderers:returners:sdb:states:utils:

[root@salt-masterbase]#salt'*'sys.reload_modulessalt-master:Truesalt-minion01:Truehddcluster2:Truehddcluster4:Truehddcluster3:Truehddcluster1:True

[root@salt-masterbase]#salt'*'grains.itemmax_open_filesalt-master:----------max_open_file:8192hddcluster2:----------max_open_file:salt-minion01:----------max_open_file:1024hddcluster3:----------max_open_file:8192hddcluster4:----------max_open_file:8192hddcluster1:----------max_open_file:8192

至此，已经测试完毕，需要写其他模块，可以在_grains目录下继续添加。