Nagios检测一些记序
检测命令篇：
文中内容包括：序述nagios从发现主机到web界面显示出状态再到邮件报警的整个过程。方面以后进行排错，还有如何编写特定应用的特定检测程序。
煮酒品茶：文章需要改进的有如何做触发报警的条件，警告等。
更新：
1、说明一些定义一些宏资料。
$USERn$：Thenth user-definable macro. User macros can be defined in one or moreresource files. Nagios supports up to 256 user macros ($USER1$ through $USER32$).
2、解决问题，报警四种状态。
服务和主机配置文件中的“check_command check-host-alive”是什么意思呢？[root@weihack objects]# pwd/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects[root@weihack objects]# cat commands.cfg #发现这么一项： define command{ command_name check-host-alive command_line $USER1$/check_ping -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -w 3000.0,80% -c 5000.0,100% -p 5 } 看看命令行：$USER1$/check_ping -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -w 3000.0,80% -c 5000.0,100% -p 5[root@weihack libexec]# pwd/usr/local/nagios/libexec[root@weihack libexec]# ./check_ping -H 192.168.100.85 -w 3000.0,80% -c 5000.0,100% -p 5PING OK - Packet loss = 0%, RTA = 0.05 ms|rta=0.055000ms;3000.000000;5000.000000;0.000000 pl=0%;80;100;0# Web界面 Status Information 里面是不是出现了PING OK - Packet loss = 0%, RTA = 0.05 ms这样的东东。# -h 使用方法都出来了，由此我们可以看出。ping 192.168.100.85 3000警告，5000直接报警。目前为0.055ms 发送五个包。那很很清晰了。 [root@weihack libexec]# ./check_ping -h Use ping to check connection statistics for a remote host. Usage:check_ping -H <host_address> -w <wrta>,<wpl>% -c <crta>,<cpl>% [-p packets] [-t timeout] [-4|-6] Options: -h, --help Print detailed help screen -V, --version Print version information -4, --use-ipv4 Use IPv4 connection -6, --use-ipv6 Use IPv6 connection -H, --hostname=HOST host to ping -w, --warning=THRESHOLD warning threshold pair -c, --critical=THRESHOLD critical threshold pair -p, --packets=INTEGER number of ICMP ECHO packets to send (Default: 5) -L, --link show HTML in the plugin output (obsoleted by urlize) -t, --timeout=INTEGER Seconds before connection times out (default: 10) # 倒底有多少个这样的定义的命令的？ [root@weihack objects]# cat commands.cfg |grep command_name command_namenotify-host-by-email command_namenotify-service-by-email command_name check-host-alive command_name check_local_disk command_name check_local_load command_name check_local_procs command_name check_local_users command_namecheck_local_swap command_namecheck_local_mrtgtraf command_name check_ftp command_name check_hpjd command_name check_snmp command_name check_http command_namecheck_ssh command_namecheck_dhcp command_name check_ping command_name check_pop command_name check_imap command_name check_smtp command_namecheck_tcp command_namecheck_udp command_namecheck_nt command_nameprocess-host-perfdata command_nameprocess-service-perfdata #挑一条notify-host-by-email，可以清楚的看到发送邮件的过程。 define command{ command_name notify-host-by-email command_line /usr/bin/printf "%b" "***** Nagios *****\n\nNotification Type: $NOTIFICATIONTYPE$\nHost: $HOSTNAME$\nState: $HOSTSTATE$\nAddress: $HOSTADDRESS$\nInfo: $HOSTOUTPUT$\n\nDate/Time: $LONGDATETIME$\n" | /bin/mail -s "** $NOTIFICATIONTYPE$ Host Alert: $HOSTNAME$ is $HOSTSTATE$ **" $CONTACTEMAIL$ } #打散开来看，是不是可以定制邮件发送格式了？ /usr/bin/printf "%b" "***** Nagios *****\n\n Notification Type: $NOTIFICATIONTYPE$\n Host: $HOSTNAME$\nState: $HOSTSTATE$\n Address: $HOSTADDRESS$\n Info: $HOSTOUTPUT$\n\n Date/Time: $LONGDATETIME$\n " | /bin/mail -s "** $NOTIFICATIONTYPE$ Host Alert: $HOSTNAME$ is $HOSTSTATE$ **" $CONTACTEMAIL$ #到手的邮件是这样子的。 主 题：** RECOVERY Host Alert: rsync-89 is UP ** [新窗口打开] 时 间：2013-03-13 22:57 (星期三) 发件人：nagios<nagios@phx2-ss-5-lb.cnet.com> [添加联系人] [邮件往来] [拒收] 收件人：我<zwhset@163.com> **** Nagios ***** Notification Type: RECOVERY Host: rsync-89 State: UP Address: 192.168.100.89 Info: PING OK - Packet loss = 0%, RTA = 0.32 ms Date/Time: Wed Mar 13 22:57:44 CST 2013 #那我们加一个监控服务，看看全程如何工作的。查看端口22是否保持链接。check_tcp，我们先看看用法。 [root@weihack libexec]# ./check_tcp -h Usage:check_tcp -H host -p port [-w <warning time>] [-c <critical time>] [-s <send string>] [-e <expect string>] [-q <quit string>][-m <maximum bytes>] [-d <delay>] [-t <timeout seconds>] [-r <refuse state>] [-M <mismatch state>] [-v] [-4|-6] [-j] [-D <days to cert expiry>] [-S <use SSL>] [-E] Options: -h, --help Print detailed help screen -V, --version Print version information -H, --hostname=ADDRESS Host name, IP Address, or unix socket (must be an absolute path) -p, --port=INTEGER Port number (default: none) -4, --use-ipv4 Use IPv4 connection -6, --use-ipv6 Use IPv6 connection -E, --escape Can use \n, \r, \t or \ in send or quit string. Must come before send or quit option Default: nothing added to send, \r\n added to end of quit -s, --send=STRING String to send to the server -e, --expect=STRING String to expect in server response (may be repeated) -A, --all All expect strings need to occur in server response. Default is any -q, --quit=STRING String to send server to initiate a clean close of the connection -r, --refuse=ok|warn|crit Accept TCP refusals with states ok, warn, crit (default: crit) -M, --mismatch=ok|warn|crit Accept expected string mismatches with states ok, warn, crit (default: warn) -j, --jail Hide output from TCP socket -m, --maxbytes=INTEGER Close connection once more than this number of bytes are received -d, --delay=INTEGER Seconds to wait between sending string and polling for response -w, --warning=DOUBLE Response time to result in warning status (seconds) -c, --critical=DOUBLE Response time to result in critical status (seconds) -t, --timeout=INTEGER Seconds before connection times out (default: 10) -v, --verbose Show details for command-line debugging (Nagios may truncate output) #这似乎是具体方法，让我们看看command里定义的。 define command{ command_name check_tcp command_line $USER1$/check_tcp -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -p $ARG1$ $ARG2$ } #对照上表-H 主机地址，-p 端口 接受参数1 2#我找不到定义的文件在哪呢，$USER1$是路径也就是/usr/local/nagios/libexec,后面三个也一样。那么可构造 check_tcp 22，$ARG1$ $ARG2$用!号隔开。$USER1$的定义在文件：[root@weihack objects]# cat /usr/local/nagios/etc/resource.cfg |grep USER1 # Nagios supports up to 32 $USERx$ macros ($USER1$ through $USER32$) # Sets $USER1$ to be the path to the plugins $USER1$=/usr/local/nagios/libexec $ARGn$：The nth argument passed to the command (notification, event handler, service check, etc.). Nagios supports up to 32 argument macros ($ARG1$ through $ARG32$).$USERn$：Thenth user-definable macro. User macros can be defined in one or moreresource files. Nagios supports up to 256 user macros ($USER1$ through $USER32$).
我们添加服务 [root@weihack objects]# vim services.cfg define service { host_name rsync-89 service_description check_tcp 80 check_period 24x7 max_check_attempts 4 normal_check_interval 3 retry_check_interval 2 contact_groups ktm notification_interval 10 notification_period 24x7 notification_options w,u,c,r check_command check_tcp!80 } #验证下并滑溜运行程序。[root@weihack objects]# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg[root@weihack nagios]# kill -Hup 8670#运行成功，那我们想自由自在的构造一些检测，如何实现?做个实验.#check_ping 主要输出这些：PING OK - Packet loss = 0%, RTA = 0.06 ms|rta=0.061000ms;3000.000000;5000.000000;0.000000 pl=0%;80;90;0 [root@weihack libexec]# cat /test/passwd |wc -l 25 #假设有用户则显示用户数，无用户为空则报警。如何设计？[root@weihack libexec]# touch /test/passwda[root@weihack libexec]# cat check_user #check_user_nagios cwtea #blog: cwtea.blog.51cto.com cu=`cat /test/passwda |wc -l` if [ $cu -ne 0 ]; then echo "User OK - User is running (UserNumber: ${cu})" else echo "User CRITICAL,"User is none"" fi
[root@weihack libexec]# ./check_user
User CRITICAL,User is none [root@weihack libexec]# ./check_userUser OK - User is running (UserNumber: 25) #添加一个定义check_user[root@weihack objects]# vim commands.cfg #check user define command{ command_name check_user command_line $USER1$/check_user } #添加一项服务[root@weihack objects]# vim services.cfg define service { host_name rsync-89 service_description check_user check_period 24x7 max_check_attempts 4 normal_check_interval 3 retry_check_interval 2 contact_groups ktm notification_interval 10 notification_period 24x7 notification_options w,u,c,r check_command check_user } #kill -Hup 23377#web界面看看，已经出现了。#我们把文件弄成空的。[root@weihack objects]# rm -rf /test/passwd[root@weihack objects]# touch /test/passwd#状态显示是OK的，但是信息栏已经出现了我们想要的。check_userOK 03-14-2013 00:20:29 0d 0h 3m 25s 1/4 User CRITICAL,User is none#我们加个返回状态码 exit 2[root@weihack libexec]# cat check_user #check_user_nagios cwtea #blog: cwtea.blog.51cto.com cu=`cat /test/passwd |wc -l` if [ $cu -ne 0 ]; then echo "User OK - User is running (UserNumber: ${cu})" #Is OK. exit 0 else echo "User CRITICAL,"User is none"" exit 2 fi #过会儿，再看已经down掉了。#邮件报警等了好久才来 主 题：** PROBLEM Service Alert: rsync 89/check_user is CRITICAL ** [新窗口打开] 时 间：2013-03-14 00:32 (星期四) 发件人：nagios<nagios@phx2-ss-5-lb.cnet.com> [添加联系人] [邮件往来] [拒收] 收件人：我<zwhset@163.com> ***** Nagios ***** Notification Type: PROBLEM Service: check_user Host: rsync 89 Address: 192.168.100.89 State: CRITICAL Date/Time: Thu Mar 14 00:32:39 CST 2013 Additional Info: User CRITICAL,User is none
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