SimpleDateFormat并发场景测试与验证
前几天工作中，遇到一个并发环境下有人写了SimpleDateFormat的场景，印象中这个是不能支持多线程的，应该使用ThreadLocal作为每个线程局部变量使用，今天有空，试了下SimpleDateFormat多线程使用，多个线程并发打印对象，代码如下：
/** * TestDateFormat.java * zhm.test.dateFormat * 2018年5月2日下午9:02:07 * */package zhm.test.dateFormat;import java.sql.Timestamp;import java.text.ParseException;import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;import java.util.Calendar;import java.util.Date;import java.util.Random;/** * @author zhuheming TestDateFormat 2018年5月2日下午9:02:07 */public class TestDateFormat { public static TestDateFormat tdf = null; SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"); public static void main(String[] args) { tdf = new TestDateFormat(); for (int i = 1; i <= 9; i++) { Thread th = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { while (true) { Random r = new Random(); int k = r.nextInt(100); int randomSwitch = k % 3; Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance(); c.add(Calendar.DATE, k); try { Thread.sleep(100); switch (randomSwitch) { case 0: String s1 = c.get(Calendar.YEAR) + "-" + TestDateFormat.formatNumber((c.get(Calendar.MONTH) + 1)) + "-" + TestDateFormat.formatNumber((c.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH))); Date date1 = tdf.printDateFormat(s1); String d1 = new Timestamp(date1.getTime()).toString(); d1 = d1.substring(0,d1.indexOf(" ")); if(!s1.equals(d1)){ System.out.println(s1+" "+d1); } break; case 1: String s2 = c.get(Calendar.YEAR) + "-" + TestDateFormat.formatNumber((c.get(Calendar.MONTH) + 1)) + "-" + TestDateFormat.formatNumber((c.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH))); Date date2 = TestDateFormat.printStaticDateFormat(s2); String d2 = new Timestamp(date2.getTime()).toString(); d2 = d2.substring(0,d2.indexOf(" ")); if(!s2.equals(d2)){ System.out.println(s2+" "+d2); } break; case 2: String s = c.get(Calendar.YEAR) + "-" + TestDateFormat.formatNumber((c.get(Calendar.MONTH) + 1)) + "-" + TestDateFormat.formatNumber((c.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH))); Date date3 = tdf.printReferenceDateFormat(s); String d3 = new Timestamp(date3.getTime()).toString(); d3 = d3.substring(0,d3.indexOf(" ")); if(!s.equals(d3)){ System.out.println(s+" "+d3); } break; default: return; } } catch (Exception e) { } } } }); th.start(); try { th.join(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } } public Date printReferenceDateFormat(String str) { System.out.println("get the ReferenceDateFormat:" + sdf); try { return sdf.parse(str); } catch (ParseException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); return null; } } public static Date printStaticDateFormat(String str) { SimpleDateFormat df1 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"); System.out.println("get static method the SimpleDateFormat:" + df1); try { return df1.parse(str); } catch (ParseException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); return null; } } public Date printDateFormat(String str) { SimpleDateFormat df2 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"); try { System.out.println("get the SimpleDateFormat:" + df2); return df2.parse(str); } catch (ParseException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); return null; } } private static String formatNumber(int n) { String s = "0" + n; return s.substring(s.length() - 2); }}
按照设想，应该是sdf打印出的对象是同一个，后面两个打印出的对象因为每次需要新建对象，打印出来的都不相同才对。
但是结果如下：
get static method the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get static method the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get the ReferenceDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get the ReferenceDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get static method the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get static method the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get the ReferenceDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get the ReferenceDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get the ReferenceDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get the ReferenceDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get static method the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get static method the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get static method the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get static method the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get static method the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get static method the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get the ReferenceDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get the ReferenceDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get the ReferenceDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get static method the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get the ReferenceDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get static method the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get static method the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get static method the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get the ReferenceDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get static method the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get the ReferenceDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get the SimpleDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
get the ReferenceDateFormat:java.text.SimpleDateFormat@f67a0200
对象居然是同一个，这就很奇怪了，谁知道原因呢？
看了下SimpleDateFormat源码，里面根据pattern从static的concurrentHashMap中取对应的信息，对于不同的SimpleDateFormat对象，只要定义的格式相同，pattern对象是同一个。
后来换了种方式测试，直接粗暴的写五个进程跑，证明确实会出现并发问题：
2018-12-25 2203-01-24
2498-10-10 2203-01-24
2018-12-25 0001-10-10
2998-01-02 3004-12-01
1698-09-22 3004-12-01
且只有共享的static会有这个问题，去掉共享的static，那么在方法内调用的就不存在并发问题。
/** * TestDateFormat.java * zhm.test.dateFormat * 2018年5月2日下午9:02:07 * */package zhm.test.dateFormat;import java.sql.Timestamp;import java.text.ParseException;import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;import java.util.Calendar;import java.util.Date;import java.util.Random;/** * @author zhuheming TestDateFormat 2018年5月2日下午9:02:07 */public class TestDateFormat { public static TestDateFormat tdf = null; //SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"); public static void main(String[] args) { tdf = new TestDateFormat(); Thread th2 = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { while (true) { Random r = new Random(); int k = r.nextInt(100); int randomSwitch = k % 3; //Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance(); //c.add(Calendar.DATE, k); try { Thread.sleep(100); switch (randomSwitch) { case 0: String s1 = "2018-12-25"; String d1 = tdf.printDateFormat(s1); //String d1 = new Timestamp(date1.getTime()).toString(); //d1 = d1.substring(0,d1.indexOf(" ")); if(!s1.equals(d1)){ System.out.println(s1+" "+d1); } break; case 1: String s2 = "2018-12-25"; String d2 = TestDateFormat.printStaticDateFormat(s2); //String d2 = new Timestamp(date2.getTime()).toString(); //d2 = d2.substring(0,d2.indexOf(" ")); if(!s2.equals(d2)){ System.out.println(s2+" "+d2); } break; case 2: String s ="2018-12-25"; String d3 = tdf.printReferenceDateFormat(s); //String d3 = new Timestamp(date3.getTime()).toString(); //d3 = d3.substring(0,d3.indexOf(" ")); if(!s.equals(d3)){ System.out.println(s+" "+d3); } break; default: return; } } catch (Exception e) { } } } }); Thread th3 = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { while (true) { Random r = new Random(); int k = r.nextInt(3); int randomSwitch = k % 3; //Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance(); //c.add(Calendar.DATE, k); try { Thread.sleep(100); switch (randomSwitch) { case 0: String s1 = "1998-11-12"; String d1 = tdf.printDateFormat(s1); //String d1 = new Timestamp(date1.getTime()).toString(); //d1 = d1.substring(0,d1.indexOf(" ")); if(!s1.equals(d1)){ System.out.println(s1+" "+d1); } break; case 1: String s2 = "1998-11-12"; String d2 = TestDateFormat.printStaticDateFormat(s2); //String d2 = new Timestamp(date2.getTime()).toString(); //d2 = d2.substring(0,d2.indexOf(" ")); if(!s2.equals(d2)){ System.out.println(s2+" "+d2); } break; case 2: String s = "1998-11-12"; String d3 = tdf.printReferenceDateFormat(s); //String d3 = new Timestamp(date3.getTime()).toString(); //d3 = d3.substring(0,d3.indexOf(" ")); if(!s.equals(d3)){ System.out.println(s+" "+d3); } break; default: return; } } catch (Exception e) { } } } }); Thread th4 = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { while (true) { Random r = new Random(); int k = r.nextInt(3); int randomSwitch = k % 3; //Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance(); //c.add(Calendar.DATE, k); try { Thread.sleep(100); switch (randomSwitch) { case 0: String s1 = "1698-09-22"; String d1 = tdf.printDateFormat(s1); //String d1 = new Timestamp(date1.getTime()).toString(); //d1 = d1.substring(0,d1.indexOf(" ")); if(!s1.equals(d1)){ System.out.println(s1+" "+d1); } break; case 1: String s2 = "1698-09-22"; String d2 = TestDateFormat.printStaticDateFormat(s2); //String d2 = new Timestamp(date2.getTime()).toString(); //d2 = d2.substring(0,d2.indexOf(" ")); if(!s2.equals(d2)){ System.out.println(s2+" "+d2); } break; case 2: String s = "1698-09-22"; String d3 = tdf.printReferenceDateFormat(s); //String d3 = new Timestamp(date3.getTime()).toString(); //d3 = d3.substring(0,d3.indexOf(" ")); if(!s.equals(d3)){ System.out.println(s+" "+d3); } break; default: return; } } catch (Exception e) { } } } }); Thread th5 = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { while (true) { Random r = new Random(); int k = r.nextInt(3); int randomSwitch = k % 3; //Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance(); //c.add(Calendar.DATE, k); try { Thread.sleep(100); switch (randomSwitch) { case 0: String s1 = "2498-10-10"; String d1 = tdf.printDateFormat(s1); //String d1 = new Timestamp(date1.getTime()).toString(); //d1 = d1.substring(0,d1.indexOf(" ")); if(!s1.equals(d1)){ System.out.println(s1+" "+d1); } break; case 1: String s2 = "2498-10-10"; String d2 = TestDateFormat.printStaticDateFormat(s2); //String d2 = new Timestamp(date2.getTime()).toString(); //d2 = d2.substring(0,d2.indexOf(" ")); if(!s2.equals(d2)){ System.out.println(s2+" "+d2); } break; case 2: String s = "2498-10-10"; String d3 = tdf.printReferenceDateFormat(s); //String d3 = new Timestamp(date3.getTime()).toString(); //d3 = d3.substring(0,d3.indexOf(" ")); if(!s.equals(d3)){ System.out.println(s+" "+d3); } break; default: return; } } catch (Exception e) { } } } }); Thread th6 = new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { while (true) { Random r = new Random(); int k = r.nextInt(3); int randomSwitch = k % 3; //Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance(); //c.add(Calendar.DATE, k); try { Thread.sleep(100); switch (randomSwitch) { case 0: String s1 = "2998-01-02"; String d1 = tdf.printDateFormat(s1); //String d1 = new Timestamp(date1.getTime()).toString(); //d1 = d1.substring(0,d1.indexOf(" ")); if(!s1.equals(d1)){ System.out.println(s1+" "+d1); } break; case 1: String s2 = "2998-01-02"; String d2 = TestDateFormat.printStaticDateFormat(s2); //String d2 = new Timestamp(date2.getTime()).toString(); //d2 = d2.substring(0,d2.indexOf(" ")); if(!s2.equals(d2)){ System.out.println(s2+" "+d2); } break; case 2: String s = "2998-01-02"; String d3 = tdf.printReferenceDateFormat(s); //String d3 = new Timestamp(date3.getTime()).toString(); //d3 = d3.substring(0,d3.indexOf(" ")); if(!s.equals(d3)){ System.out.println(s+" "+d3); } break; default: return; } } catch (Exception e) { } } } }); th2.start(); th3.start(); th4.start(); th5.start(); th6.start(); try { th2.join(); th3.join(); th4.join(); th5.join(); th6.join(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); }} public String printReferenceDateFormat(String str) { //Date dt= sdf.parse(str); //return sdf.format(dt); return str; } public static String printStaticDateFormat(String str) { SimpleDateFormat df1 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"); //System.out.println("get static method the SimpleDateFormat:" + df1); try { Thread.sleep(100); Date dt=df1.parse(str); str=df1.format(dt); //df1.getCalendar().clear(); return str; } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); return null; } } public String printDateFormat(String str) { SimpleDateFormat df2 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"); try { Thread.sleep(100); Date dt=df2.parse(str); str=df2.format(dt); //df2.getCalendar().clear(); //System.out.println("get the SimpleDateFormat:" + df2); return str; } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); return null; } }}
从结果来看，确实不是同一个对象，只是看起来像。
那么只有最后一个问题了，为什么看起来是同一个对象呢：
元芳，你怎么看？
大人，属下这样认为：
大家都知道system.out.prinl(object)其实是打印的String.valueof的对象值；valueof是什么呢？
public static String valueOf(Object obj) { return (obj == null) ? “null” : obj.toString(); }
就是obj的toString的值，那么obj的toString由Object类定义，各个子类自己重写，在Object中，定义如下：
public String toString() { return getClass().getName() + “@” + Integer.toHexString(hashCode()); }
显然就是Object的hashCode的十六进制数值，那么在SimpleDateFormat中hashcode方法是如何呢
public int hashCode() { return pattern.hashCode(); // just enough fields for a reasonable distribution }
从这里可以看出，SimpleDateFormat没有返回自己的对象的地址等，而是返回了pattern的hashcode，前面已经说过，输入的格式相同，pattern是同一个，所以，此处SimpleDateFormat对象打印出来是同一个，但其实不是。
狄仁杰：元芳，我这个宰相的位置，以后要不你来做吧。。。
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之前我写在CSDN上的文章，搬到平台上来：
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原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35039122/article/details/80172714
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