这篇文章主要介绍用Python爬取彩票信息的步骤，文中示例代码介绍的非常详细，具有一定的参考价值，感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要看完！

一、爬取网页数据所使用到的库

1、获取网络请求

requests、BeautifulSoup

2、写入excel文件

openpyxl、pprint、column_index_from_string

注意column_index_from_string是openpyxl.utils的子库

二、详细处理

1、第一步我们要考虑的自然是将要爬取的url获取，并使用get方法发起请求，返回接收的内容使用BeautifulSoup进行处理。为了方便重复利用，将其封装到函数体当中

defget_soup(url):response=requests.get(url)soup=BeautifulSoup(response.text,'lxml')returnsoup

2、返回soup对象，利用soup对象找出网页源码中的详细信息

#准备空列表用于存放期号和中奖号码info=[]num=[]defrun_url(url):globalinfo,num,qihao,zhongjiangres=get_soup(url)#返回soup对象#获取期号和中奖号码数据qihao=res.find_all('span',class_='c_333')zhongjiang=res.find_all('div',class_='kj_qiu1')#期号列表foriinqihao:info.append(str(i.text))#中奖号码foriinzhongjiang:a=i.text.split('\n')num.append(a)

调用函数找到具体代码块中的数据之后，将其进行适当处理分别添加到期号列表和中奖号码列表中，进行存储

3、简单循环批量访问url,并自动去替换页数

foriinrange(1,101):url='相应的URL,p=%s'%irun_url(url)#将最后的数据进行压缩处理成字典格式存储，写入单独文件当中data=dict(zip(info,num))response=open(r'D:\res_data.py','w',encoding='utf-8')response.write('allData='+pprint.pformat(data))print('写入结束')

三、使用生成的文件中的数据，写入excel文件当中

1、先创建工作簿对象，将excel的sheet的格式提前设置

importopenpyxlimportres_data#写入excel表格#创建新的工作簿wb=openpyxl.Workbook()sheet=wb.activesheet.title='Data'ws=wb['Data']#选中表单ws.cell(row=1,column=1).value='期号'ws.cell(row=1,column=2).value='中奖号码'#设置列宽ws.column_dimensions['A'].width=20ws.column_dimensions['D'].width=20

2、将期号写入文件

#写入期号num=[]forkeyinres_data.allData.keys():num.append(key)num_sort=num[::-1]forrowNuminrange(2,len(res_data.allData)+2):ws.cell(row=rowNum,column=1).value=num_sort[rowNum-2]

3、写入中奖号码

#写入中奖号码num_zhong=[]forvalueinres_data.allData.values():num_zhong.append(''.join(value))num_zhong_sort=num_zhong[::-1]forrowNuminrange(2,len(res_data.allData)+2):ws.cell(row=rowNum,column=2).value=num_zhong_sort[rowNum-2]

4、计算某一位的中间概率，并分析前一期的概率

#万位count0_0,count0_1,count0_2,count0_3,count0_4,count0_5,count0_6,count0_7,count0_8,count0_9=0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0foriinnum_zhong:#万位ifi[0]=='0':count0_0+=1elifi[0]=='1':count0_1+=1elifi[0]=='2':count0_2+=1elifi[0]=='3':count0_3+=1elifi[0]=='4':count0_4+=1elifi[0]=='5':count0_5+=1elifi[0]=='6':count0_6+=1elifi[0]=='7':count0_7+=1elifi[0]=='8':count0_8+=1elifi[0]=='9':count0_9+=1#万位res0_0,res0_1=round(count0_0/len(num_zhong)*100,2),round(count0_1/len(num_zhong)*100,2)res0_2,res0_3=round(count0_2/len(num_zhong)*100,2),round(count0_3/len(num_zhong)*100,2)res0_4,res0_5=round(count0_4/len(num_zhong)*100,2),round(count0_5/len(num_zhong)*100,2)res0_6,res0_7=round(count0_6/len(num_zhong)*100,2),round(count0_7/len(num_zhong)*100,2)res0_8,res0_9=round(count0_8/len(num_zhong)*100,2),round(count0_9/len(num_zhong)*100,2)res_wan={'0':res0_0,'1':res0_1,'2':res0_2,'3':res0_3,'4':res0_4,'5':res0_5,'6':res0_6,'7':res0_7,'8':res0_8,'9':res0_9}max_wan=res_wan['0']max_key=0forkeyinres_wan.keys():ifres_wan[key]>max_wan:max_wan=res_wan[key]max_key=keyzhongjiang=dict(zip(num[::-1],num_zhong[::-1]))zj_qihao=[]zj_qianyiqi=[]zj_num=[]zj_qnum=[]forkey,valueinzhongjiang.items():#print(key,value)ifint(value[0])==max_key:qihao=int(key)#print(qihao,value)qianyiqi=str(qihao-1)ifqihaoandqianyiqiinzhongjiang:zj_qihao.append(qihao)zj_num.append(zhongjiang[str(qihao)])zj_qianyiqi.append(qianyiqi)zj_qnum.append(zhongjiang[qianyiqi])#计算前一期概率count0_zjq,count1_zjq,count2_zjq,count3_zjq,count4_zjq,count5_zjq,count6_zjq,count7_zjq,count8_zjq,count9_zjq=0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0foriinzj_qnum:ifi[0]=='0':count0_zjq+=1elifi[0]=='1':count1_zjq+=1elifi[0]=='2':count2_zjq+=1elifi[0]=='3':count3_zjq+=1elifi[0]=='4':count4_zjq+=1elifi[0]=='5':count5_zjq+=1elifi[0]=='6':count6_zjq+=1elifi[0]=='7':count7_zjq+=1elifi[0]=='8':count8_zjq+=1elifi[0]=='9':count9_zjq+=1res0_zjq,res1_zjq=round(count0_zjq/len(zj_qnum),2),round(count1_zjq/len(zj_qnum),2)res2_zjq,res3_zjq=round(count2_zjq/len(zj_qnum),2),round(count3_zjq/len(zj_qnum),2)res4_zjq,res5_zjq=round(count4_zjq/len(zj_qnum),2),round(count5_zjq/len(zj_qnum),2)res6_zjq,res7_zjq=round(count6_zjq/len(zj_qnum),2),round(count7_zjq/len(zj_qnum),2)res8_zjq,res9_zjq=round(count8_zjq/len(zj_qnum),2),round(count9_zjq/len(zj_qnum),2)\#计算最大概率probability=[res0_zjq,res1_zjq,res2_zjq,res3_zjq,res4_zjq,res5_zjq,res6_zjq,res7_zjq,res8_zjq,res9_zjq]max_probability=probability[0]#最大概率max_probability_num=0#最大概率数字foriinrange(len(probability)):ifprobability[i]>max_probability:max_probability=probability[i]max_probability_num=iws.cell(row=1,column=4).value='万位最大概率数字'ws.cell(row=1,column=5).value='概率'ws.cell(row=2,column=4).value=max_keyws.cell(row=2,column=5).value=max_wanws.cell(row=3,column=4).value='前一期万位最大概率'ws.cell(row=4,column=4).value=max_probability_numws.cell(row=4,column=5).value=max_probability*100foriinprobability:print(i)forrowinrange(len(probability)):ws.cell(row=row+5,column=4).value=rowws.cell(row=row+5,column=5).value=probability[row]*100wb.save(filename='D:/caipiao.xlsx')print('WriteOver!')4、保存文件即可wb.save(filename='指定路径文件')print('WriteOver!')

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