四、config network
1、学习rhel7中新的网络配置工具和网卡命名规则
下面这段文字参考红帽官网网络配置第8章2节,在rhel7/centos7中网卡的命名规则有些改变,增加了nmcli网络管理工具。
1、A rule in /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/60-net.rules instructs the udev helper utility, /lib/udev/rename_device, to look into all /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-suffix files. If it finds an ifcfg file with a HWADDR entry matching the MAC address of an interface it renames the interface to the name given in the ifcfg file by the DEVICE directive.2、A rule in /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/71-biosdevname.rules instructs biosdevname to rename the interface according to its naming policy, provided that it was not renamed in a previous step, biosdevname is installed, and biosdevname=0 was not given as a kernel command on the boot command line.3、A rule in /lib/udev/rules.d/75-net-description.rules instructs udev to fill in the internal udev device property values ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD, ID_NET_NAME_SLOT, ID_NET_NAME_PATH, ID_NET_NAME_MAC by examining the network interface device. Note, that some device properties might be undefined.
4、A rule in /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/80-net-name-slot.rules instructs udev to rename the interface, provided that it was not renamed in step 1 or 2, and the kernel parameter net.ifnames=0 was not given, according to the following priority: ID_NET_NAME_ONBOARD, ID_NET_NAME_SLOT, ID_NET_NAME_PATH. It falls through to the next in the list, if one is unset. If none of these are set, then the interface will not be renamed.2、配置网卡使用rhel6版本的网卡配置方式:
[root@station66 ~]# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
# This file was automatically generated by the /lib/udev/write_net_rules
# program, run by the persistent-net-generator.rules rules file.
#
# You can modify it, as long as you keep each rule on a single
# line, and change only the value of the NAME= key.
# PCI device 0x8086:0x100f (e1000)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:36:87:62", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0"
[root@station71 ~]# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-ipoib.rules
# This is a sample udev rules file that demonstrates how to get udev to
# set the name of IPoIB interfaces to whatever you wish. There is a
# 16 character limit on network device names though, so don't go too nuts
#
# Important items to note: ATTR{type}=="32" is IPoIB interfaces, and the
# ATTR{address} match must start with ?* and only reference the last 8
# bytes of the address or else the address might not match on any given
# start of the IPoIB stack
#
# Note: as of rhel7, udev is case sensitive on the address field match
# and all addresses need to be in lower case.
#
# ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="net", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{type}=="32", ATTR{address}=="?*00:02:c9:03:00:31:78:f2", NAME="mlx4_ib3
编辑网卡配置文件ifcfg-eno16777736修改为ifcfg-eth0,修改DEVICE,NAME,HWADDR,NM_CONTROLLED等参数.
禁用ipv6和biosdevname功能,传递这2个参数给kernel:net.ifnames=0 ipv6.disable=1,重新生成grub.cfg配置文件即可
我们来具体操作一把:
[root@station71 network-scripts]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 #这块叫啥没有关系的哈!
TYPE=Ethernet
HWADDR=00:0c:29:95:b5:21
BOOTPROTO=none
NAME=eth0
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.99.71
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.99.1
DNS1=202.106.46.151
[root@station71 ~]#vim /etc/default/grub +6 #给内核传递参数关闭biosdevname功能关闭ipv6.
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="net.ifnames=0 ipv6.disable=1 rd.lvm.lv=rootvg/root rd.lvm.lv=rootvg/swap rhgb quiet"
[root@station71 ~]# grub2-mkconfig /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
现在重启看到我们的网卡应该是eth0了、如果改个网卡的名字都需要重启,那还搞毛线,事实上是uptime在几千的很常见。
[root@station71 network-scripts]# ifconfig eno16777736 down
[root@station71 network-scripts]# ethtool -i eno16777736 #网卡的驱动名字
driver: e1000
[root@station71 network-scripts]# modinfo e1000 #网卡的驱动程序所在的模块
filename: /lib/modules/3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000/e1000.ko
[root@station71 network-scripts]# modprobe -r e1000 #卸载网卡驱动模块
[root@station71 network-scripts]# lsmod |grep e1000 #查看一下
[root@station71 network-scripts]# modprobe e1000 #重新加载网卡驱动
3、nmcli工具使用及NetworkManager服务
需求1:
配置俩个虚拟机网络,一个桥接到物理网络的无线路由器,一个选择自定义网络配置一个192.168.99.0的网段,编辑虚拟机配置2张网卡。eno16777736用于桥接和eno33554984用于虚拟机私有网络
1、给eno16777736配置三个connection,其中两个dhcp自动获取,另外一个需手动配置ip地址信息192.168.100.77/24和gateway配置192.168.100.1域名解析地址配置为202.106.46.151
2、给eno33554984配置一个connection,需手动配置一个ip地址信息
工作一个号,家庭一个号,两不耽误!
[root@station71 ~]# nmcli device
DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION
virbr0 bridge connected virbr0
eno50332208 ethernet connected eth3
eno16777736 ethernet disconnected --
eno33554984 ethernet disconnected --
lo loopback unmanaged --
virbr0-nic tap unmanaged --
[root@station71 ~]# nmcli connection add type ethernet ifname eno16777736 con-name eth0
Connection 'eth0' (3d0ea27f-aee7-4598-9c23-679fde3de18f) successfully added.
[root@station71 ~]# nmcli connection add type ethernet ifname eno16777736 con-name eth0.home
Connection 'eth0.home' (54ef6f15-7981-4f0d-9958-15d6adabb05c) successfully added.
[root@station71 ~]# nmcli connection add type ethernet ifname eno16777736 con-name eth0.work
Connection 'eth0.work' (07d80f13-d36d-43f0-9b07-0648dd91e164) successfully added.
[root@station71 ~]# nmcli connection modify eth0 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.168.100.71/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.100.1 ipv4.dns 202.106.46.151
[root@station71 ~]# nmcli connection modify eth0.home ipv4.method auto ipv4.dns 202.106.46.151
[root@station71 ~]# nmcli connection modify eth0.work ipv4.method auto ipv4.dns 202.106.195.68
[root@station71 ~]# nmcli connection add type ethernet ifname eno33554984 con-name eth2
Connection 'eth2' (8a97025f-4581-410f-80bd-31b5759970de) successfully added.
[root@station71 ~]# nmcli connection modify eth2 ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses 192.168.99.71/24 ipv4.gateway 192.168.99.1
[root@station71 ~]# nmcli connection up eth0 ; nmcli connection up eth2
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/31)
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/32)
[root@station71 ~]# nmcli device
DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION
virbr0 bridge connected virbr0
eno16777736 ethernet connected eth0
eno33554984 ethernet connected eth2
eno50332208 ethernet connected eth3
lo loopback unmanaged --
virbr0-nic tap unmanaged --
[root@station71 ~]# nmcli connection show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
virbr0 0d0064a4-b64e-44de-82c7-5f4eb991f1bd bridge virbr0
eth2 8a97025f-4581-410f-80bd-31b5759970de 802-3-ethernet eno33554984
eth0.work 07d80f13-d36d-43f0-9b07-0648dd91e164 802-3-ethernet --
eth0.home 54ef6f15-7981-4f0d-9958-15d6adabb05c 802-3-ethernet --
eth0 3d0ea27f-aee7-4598-9c23-679fde3de18f 802-3-ethernet eno16777736
eth3 919158d0-ecfc-468a-aa99-85891161a972 802-3-ethernet eno50332208
[root@station71 ~]# nmcli connection show --active
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
virbr0 0d0064a4-b64e-44de-82c7-5f4eb991f1bd bridge virbr0
eth2 8a97025f-4581-410f-80bd-31b5759970de 802-3-ethernet eno33554984
eth0 3d0ea27f-aee7-4598-9c23-679fde3de18f 802-3-ethernet eno16777736
eth3 919158d0-ecfc-468a-aa99-85891161a972 802-3-ethernet eno50332208
[root@station71 ~]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (61.135.169.125) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 61.135.169.125: icmp_seq=1 ttl=57 time=6.31 ms
^C
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
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