5、django操作表一对多实战

2024-12-18 技术教程

表结构

一、入口url设置
D:\mysite\mysite\urls.py

from django.contrib import adminfrom django.urls import path,includeurlpatterns = [ path('polls/',include('polls.urls')), path('admin/', admin.site.urls),]

二、polls应用url设置
D:\mysite\polls\urls.py

from django.urls import pathfrom . import viewsapp_name = 'polls'urlpatterns = [ #出版社相关的对应关系 #出版社列表页 path('publisher_list/', views.published_list,name='published_list'), #添加出版社 path('add_publisher/', views.add_publisher,name='add_publisher'), #删除出版社 path('delete_ublisher/', views.delete_publisher,name='delete_publisher'), #编辑出版社 path('edit_publisher/', views.edit_publisher,name='edit_publisher'), #书相关的对应关系 #书籍列表页 path('book_list/', views.book_list,name='book_list'), #添加书籍 path('add_book/', views.add_book,name='add_book'), #删除书籍 path('delete_book/', views.delete_book,name='delete_book'), #编辑书籍 path('edit_book/', views.edit_book,name='edit_book'), ]

三、modes配置
D:\mysite\polls\models.py

from django.db import models#出版社class Publisher(models.Model): id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) # 自增的ID主键 #创建一个varchar(64)的唯一的不为空的字段 name = models.CharField(max_length=64, null=False)#书class Book(models.Model): id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) # 自增的ID主键 #创建一个varchar(64)的唯一的不为空的字段 title = models.CharField(max_length=64, null=False, unique=True) #和出版社关联的外键字段 publisher = models.ForeignKey(to="Publisher", on_delete=models.CASCADE)

#建建表python manage.py makemigrationspython manage.py migrate

四静态文件设置

####################出版社html##########################出版社列表页D:\mysite\polls\templates\polls\publisher_list.html<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>出版社列表</title></head><body><a href="/polls/add_publisher/">添加新的出版社</a><table border="1"> <thead> <tr> <th>序号</th> <th>ID</th> <th>出版社名称</th> <th>操作</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for publisher in publisher_list %} <tr> <td>{{ forloop.counter }}</td> <td>{{ publisher.id }}</td> <td>{{ publisher.name }}</td> <td> <a href="/polls/delete_publisher/?id={{ publisher.id }}">删除</a> <a href="/polls/edit_publisher/?id={{ publisher.id }}">编辑</a> </td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody></table></body></html>#添加出版社列表页D:\mysite\polls\templates\polls\add_publisher.html<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>添加出版社</title></head><body><h2>添加出版社</h2><form action="{% url 'polls:add_publisher' %}" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} <input type="text" name="publisher_name"> <input type="submit" value="提交"> <p >{{ error }}</p></form></body></html>#编辑出版社列表页D:\mysite\polls\templates\polls\edit_publisher.html<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>编辑出版社</title></head><body><h2>编辑出版社</h2><form action="/polls/edit_publisher/" method="post"> <input type="text" name="id" value="{{ publisher.id }}" > <input type="text" name="publisher_name" value="{{ publisher.name }}"> <input type="submit" value="提交"> <p >{{ error }}</p></form></body></html>####################书籍html##########################书籍列表页D:\mysite\polls\templates\polls\book_list.html<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>书籍列表</title></head><body><h2>所有的书籍都在这里!</h2><a href="/polls/add_book/">添加书籍</a><table border="1"> <thead> <tr> <th>id</th> <th>title</th> <th>publisher</th> <th>操作</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> {% for i in all_book %} <tr> <td>{{ i.id }}</td> <td>{{ i.title }}</td> <td>{{ i.publisher.name }}</td> <td> <a href="/polls/delete_book/?id={{ i.id }}">删除</a> <a href="/polls/edit_book/?id={{ i.id }}">编辑</a> </td> </tr> {% endfor %} </tbody></table></body></html>#添加书籍D:\mysite\polls\templates\polls\add_book.html<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>添加书籍</title></head><body><h2>添加书籍</h2><form action="/polls/add_book/" method="post"> <p> 书名:<input type="text" name="book_title"> </p> <p> 出版社: <select name="publisher" > {% for publisher in publisher_list %} <option value="{{ publisher.id }}">{{ publisher.name }}</option> {% endfor %} </select> </p> <p> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </p></form></body></html>#编辑书籍D:\mysite\polls\templates\polls\edit_book.html<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>编辑书籍</title></head><body><h2>编辑书籍</h2><form action="/polls/edit_book/" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value="{{ book_obj.id }}"> <p> 书名: <input type="text" name="book_title" value="{{ book_obj.title }}"> </p> <p> 出版社: <select name="publisher"> {% for publisher in publisher_list %} {% if book_obj.publisher_id == publisher.id %} {# 当前书籍关联的出版社才默认选中#} <option selected value="{{ publisher.id }}">{{ publisher.name }}</option> {% else %} {# 其他的出版社不选中 #} <option value="{{ publisher.id }}">{{ publisher.name }}</option> {% endif %} {% endfor %} </select> </p> <p> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </p></form></body></html>

五、后端处理D:\mysite\polls\views.py

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,ttpResponsefrom .models import Question,Publisherfrom polls import models#出版社列表def published_list(request): ret = Publisher.objects.all().order_by("id") return render(request,"polls/publisher_list.html",{"publisher_list": ret})#添加新的出版社def add_publisher(request): error_msg = "" #如果是POST请求,我就取到用户填写的数据 print(request.method) if request.method == "POST": new_name = request.POST.get("publisher_name", None) if new_name: # 通过ORM去数据库里新建一条记录 Publisher.objects.create(name=new_name) #引导用户访问出版社列表页,查看是否添加成功 --> 跳转 return redirect("/polls/publisher_list/") else: error_msg = "出版社名字不能为空!" #用户第一次来,我给他返回一个用来填写的HTML页面 return render(request, "polls/add_publisher.html", {"error": error_msg})#删除出版社def delete_publisher(request): print(request.GET) print("=" * 120) #删除指定的数据 #1. 从GET请求的参数里面拿到将要删除的数据的ID值 del_id = request.GET.get("id", None) # 字典取值,娶不到默认为None #如果能取到id值 if del_id: # 去数据库删除当前id值的数据 #根据id值查找到数据 del_obj = models.Publisher.objects.get(id=del_id) #删除 del_obj.delete() #返回删除后的页面,跳转到出版社的列表页,查看删除是否成功 return redirect("/polls/publisher_list/") else: return HttpResponse("要删除的数据不存在!")#编辑出版社def edit_publisher(request): #用户修改完出版社的名字,点击提交按钮,给我发来新的出版社名字 if request.method == "POST": print(request.POST) #取新出版社名字 edit_id = request.POST.get("id") new_name = request.POST.get("publisher_name") #更新出版社 #根据id取到编辑的是哪个出版社 edit_publisher = models.Publisher.objects.get(id=edit_id) edit_publisher.name = new_name edit_publisher.save() # 把修改提交到数据库 #跳转出版社列表页,查看是否修改成功 return redirect("/polls/publisher_list/") #从GET请求的URL中取到id参数 edit_id = request.GET.get("id") if edit_id: #获取到当前编辑的出版社对象 publisher_obj = models.Publisher.objects.get(id=edit_id) return render(request, "polls/edit_publisher.html", {"publisher": publisher_obj}) else: error_msg = "编辑的出版社不存在!" return HttpResponse("编辑的出版社不存在!")#展示书的列表def book_list(request): # 去数据库中查询所有的书籍 all_book = models.Book.objects.all() #在HTML页面完成字符串替换(渲染数据) return render(request, "polls/book_list.html", {"all_book": all_book})#添加书籍def add_book(request): if request.method == "POST": new_title = request.POST.get("book_title") new_publisher_id = request.POST.get("publisher") #创建新书对象,自动提交 models.Book.objects.create(title=new_title, publisher_id=new_publisher_id) #返回到书籍列表页 return redirect("/polls/book_list/") #取到所有的出版社 ret = models.Publisher.objects.all() return render(request, "polls/add_book.html", {"publisher_list": ret})#删除书籍def delete_book(request): #从URL里面获取要删除的书籍的id值 delete_id = request.GET.get("id") # 从URL里面取数据 #去删除数据库中删除指定id的数据 models.Book.objects.get(id=delete_id).delete() #返回书籍列表页面, 查看是否删除成功 return redirect("/polls/book_list/")#编辑书籍def edit_book(request): if request.method == "POST": # 从提交的数据里面取,书名和书关联的出版社 edit_id = request.POST.get("id") new_title = request.POST.get("book_title") new_publisher_id = request.POST.get("publisher") #更新 edit_book_obj = models.Book.objects.get(id=edit_id) edit_book_obj.title = new_title # 更新书名 edit_book_obj.publisher_id = new_publisher_id # 更新书籍关联的出版社 #将修改提交到数据库 edit_book_obj.save() #返回书籍列表页面,查看是否编辑成功 return redirect("/polls/book_list/") #返回一个页面,让用户编辑书籍信息 #取到编辑的书的id值 edit_id = request.GET.get("id") #根据id去数据库中把具体的书籍对象拿到 edit_book_obj = models.Book.objects.get(id=edit_id) ret = models.Publisher.objects.all() return render( request, "polls/edit_book.html", {"publisher_list": ret, "book_obj": edit_book_obj} )

访问出版社列表页
http://127.0.0.1:8000/polls/publisher_list/

添加出版社页
http://127.0.0.1:8000/polls/add_publisher/

编辑出版社
http://127.0.0.1:8000/polls/edit_publisher/?id=1

访问书籍列表页
http://127.0.0.1:8000/polls/book_list/

添加书籍页
http://127.0.0.1:8000/polls/add_book/

编辑书籍页
http://127.0.0.1:8000/polls/edit_book/?id=5

打开数据库视图查看