这篇文章主要用代码详解Django如何实现Websocket广播、点对点发送消息，内容清晰明了，对此有兴趣的小伙伴可以学习一下，相信大家阅读完之后会有帮助。

1.Django实现Websocket

使用Django来实现Websocket服务的方法很多在这里我们推荐技术最新的Channels库来实现

1.1.安装DjangoChannels

Channels安装如果你是Windows操作系统的话,那么必要条件就是Python3.7

pip install channels

1.2.配置DjangoChannels

1.创建项目ChannelsReady

django-admin startprobject ChannelsReady

2.在项目的settings.py同级目录中,新建文件routing.py

# routing.pyfrom channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouterapplication = ProtocolTypeRouter({ # 暂时为空})

3.在项目配置文件settings.py中写入

INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'channels']ASGI_APPLICATION = "ChannelsReady.routing.application"

1.3.启动带有Channels提供的ASGI的Django项目

You have 17 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions.
Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.
February 01, 2020 - 17:27:13
Django version 3.0.2, using settings 'ChannelsReady.settings'
Starting ASGI/Channels version 2.4.0 development server at http://0.0.0.0:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.

很明显可以看到ASGI/Channels,这样就算启动完成了

1.4.创建Websocket服务

1.创建一个新的应用chats

python manage.py startapp chats

2.在settings.py中注册chats

INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'chats', 'channels']

3.在chats应用中新建文件chatService.py

from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer# 这里除了 WebsocketConsumer 之外还有# JsonWebsocketConsumer# AsyncWebsocketConsumer# AsyncJsonWebsocketConsumer# WebsocketConsumer 与 JsonWebsocketConsumer 就是多了一个可以自动处理JSON的方法# AsyncWebsocketConsumer 与 AsyncJsonWebsocketConsumer 也是多了一个JSON的方法# AsyncWebsocketConsumer 与 WebsocketConsumer 才是重点# 看名称似乎理解并不难 Async 无非就是异步带有 async / await# 是的理解并没有错,但对与我们来说他们唯一不一样的地方,可能就是名字的长短了,用法是一模一样的# 最夸张的是,基类是同一个,而且这个基类的方法也是Async异步的class ChatService(WebsocketConsumer): # 当Websocket创建连接时 def connect(self): pass # 当Websocket接收到消息时 def receive(self, text_data=None, bytes_data=None): pass # 当Websocket发生断开连接时 def disconnect(self, code): pass

1.5.为Websocket处理对象增加路由

1.在chats应用中,新建urls.py

from django.urls import pathfrom chats.chatService import ChatServicewebsocket_url = [ path("ws/",ChatService)]

2.回到项目routing.py文件中增加ASGI非HTTP请求处理

from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter,URLRouterfrom chats.urls import websocket_urlapplication = ProtocolTypeRouter({ "websocket":URLRouter( websocket_url )})

总结：

<template> <div> <input type="text" v-model="message"> <p><input type="button" @click="send" value="发送"></p> <p><input type="button" @click="close_socket" value="关闭"></p> </div></template><script>export default { name:'websocket1', data() { return { message:'', testsocket:'' } }, methods:{ send(){ // send 发送信息 // close 关闭连接 this.testsocket.send(this.message) this.testsocket.onmessage = (res) => { console.log("WS的返回结果",res.data); } }, close_socket(){ this.testsocket.close() } }, mounted(){ this.testsocket = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:8000/ws/") // onopen 定义打开时的函数 // onclose 定义关闭时的函数 // onmessage 定义接收数据时候的函数 // this.testsocket.onopen = function(){ // console.log("开始连接socket") // }, // this.testsocket.onclose = function(){ // console.log("socket连接已经关闭") // } }}</script>

3.广播消息

3.1客户端保持不变，同时打开多个客户端

3.2服务端存储每个链接的对象

socket_list = []class ChatService(WebsocketConsumer): # 当Websocket创建连接时 def connect(self): self.accept() socket_list.append(self) # 当Websocket接收到消息时 def receive(self, text_data=None, bytes_data=None): print(text_data) # 打印收到的数据 for ws in socket_list: # 遍历所有的WebsocketConsumer对象 ws.send(text_data) # 对每一个WebsocketConsumer对象发送数据

4.点对点消息

4.1客户端将用户名拼接到url，并在发送的消息里指明要发送的对象

<template> <div> <input type="text" v-model="message"> <input type="text" v-model="user"> <p><input type="button" @click="send" value="发送"></p> <p><input type="button" @click="close_socket" value="关闭"></p> </div></template><script>export default { name:'websocket1', data() { return { message:'', testsocket:'', user:'' } }, methods:{ send(){ // send 发送信息 // close 关闭连接 var data1 = {"message":this.message,"to_user":this.user} this.testsocket.send(JSON.stringify(data1)) this.testsocket.onmessage = (res) => { console.log("WS的返回结果",res.data); } }, close_socket(){ this.testsocket.close() }, generate_uuid: function() { var d = new Date().getTime(); if (window.performance && typeof window.performance.now === "function") { d += performance.now(); //use high-precision timer if available } var uuid = "xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx".replace( /[xy]/g, function(c) { var r = (d + Math.random() * 16) % 16 | 0; d = Math.floor(d / 16); return (c == "x" &#63; r : (r & 0x3) | 0x8).toString(16); } ); return uuid; }, }, mounted(){ var username = this.generate_uuid(); console.log(username) this.testsocket = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:8000/ws/"+ username +"/") console.log(this.testsocket) this.testsocket.onmessage = (res) => { console.log("WS的返回结果",res.data); } // onopen 定义打开时的函数 // onclose 定义关闭时的函数 // onmessage 定义接收数据时候的函数 // this.testsocket.onopen = function(){ // console.log("开始连接socket") // }, // this.testsocket.onclose = function(){ // console.log("socket连接已经关闭") // } }}</script>

4.2服务端存储用户名以及websocketConsumer，然后给对应的用户发送信息

from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumeruser_dict ={}list = []import jsonclass ChatService(WebsocketConsumer): # 当Websocket创建连接时 def connect(self): self.accept() username = self.scope.get("url_route").get("kwargs").get("username") user_dict[username] =self print(user_dict) # list.append(self) # 当Websocket接收到消息时 def receive(self, text_data=None, bytes_data=None): data = json.loads(text_data) print(data) to_user = data.get("to_user") message = data.get("message") ws = user_dict.get(to_user) print(to_user) print(message) print(ws) ws.send(text_data) # 当Websocket发生断开连接时 def disconnect(self, code): pass

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