linux php如何环境搭建

2024-12-17 技术教程

本篇文章为大家展示了linux php如何环境搭建，代码简明扼要并且容易理解，绝对能使你眼前一亮，通过这篇文章的详细介绍希望你能有所收获。

linux php环境搭建的方法：首先获取相关安装包；然后安装Apache以及mysql；接着修改配置文件“httpd.conf”；最后设置环境变量和开机自启，并编译安装PHP即可。

一、获取安装包

PHP下载地址：http://cn.php.net/distributions/php-7.2.6.tar.gzApache下载地址：http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache//httpd/httpd-2.4.33.tar.gzMySQL下载地址： https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

二、安装Apache

1. 依赖包安装

1）安装编译器gcc、gcc-c++
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++
2）安装依赖包expat-devel、zlib-devel、openssl-devel
yum install -y expat-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel
2）安装依赖包apr
注意:如果依赖包不存在,则去网站找最新的包,改成相应版本号下载即可
wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-1.6.3.tar.gztar zxvf apr-1.6.2.tar.gzcd apr-1.6.2./configure --prefix=/usr/local/aprmake && make install
3）安装依赖包apr-util
wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gztar zxvf apr-util-1.6.0.tar.gzcd apr-util-1.6.0./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/aprmake && make install
4）安装依赖包pcre
wget https://ftp.pcre.org/pub/pcre/pcre-8.42.tar.gztar zxvf pcre-8.41.tar.gzcd pcre-8.41./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcremake && make install
注意：将apr、apr-util安装包拷贝到Apache安装包的srclib目录中
名称分别命名为apr、apr-util，不要后面的版本号

2. 安装过程

1）解压Apache安装包
tar zxvf httpd-2.4.33.tar.gz
注意：将apr、apr-util安装包拷贝到Apache安装包的srclib目录中
名称分别命名为apr、apr-util，不要后面的版本号
2）编译、安装
cd httpd-2.4.28./configure --prefix=/usr/local/server/apache \--with-apr=/usr/local/apr \--with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util \--with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre \--with-mysql=shared,mysqlnd --enable-so \--enable-ssl \--enable-deflate \--enable-rewrite \--enable-headers \--enable-expires \--disable-cgid\--disable-cgi

3. 修改配置文件httpd.conf

vim /usr/local/server/apache/conf/httpd.conf
去掉ServerName前面的 #
并将ServerName后面的网址改为localhost:80

4. 将httpd加入系统服务并设置开机自启

1）将httpd加入系统服务
cp /usr/local/server/apache/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/httpd
2）修改/etc/init.d/httpd，在第3行加入以下内容
# chkconfig: 345 85 15# description: Activates/Deactivates Apache Web Server
注意：代码中的 # 不可以去掉
3）设置系统服务开机自启
systemctl enable httpd
4）启动Apache
service httpd start

三、安装MySQL

1. 安装前准备

1）解压安装包
tar zxvf mysql-8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz mv mysql-8.0.11-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/server/mysql
2）创建用户和用户组并分配相应的权限
groupadd mysqluseradd -r -g mysql mysqlchown -R mysql:mysql . #注意后面有个点

2. mysql的初始化并做基本配置

1）初始化mysql
cd /usr/local/server/mysqlbin/mysqld \--initialize \--user=mysql \--basedir=/usr/local/server/mysql \--datadir=/usr/local/server/mysql/data \
注意 : 如果报错 , 则缺哪个库yum安装即可 bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
yum install libaio
2）配置mysql
vim my.cnf # 创建配置文件
本示例仅保证mysql可以正常运行，更多配置请参考官方文档说明
[mysqld]skip-grant-tablesbasedir = /usr/local/server/mysqldatadir = /usr/local/server/mysql/dataport = 3306
将配置文件软链接到 /etc/ 目录
rm -rf /etc/my.cnfln -s /usr/local/server/mysql/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf

3. 启动mysql并设置root用户密码

1）启动mysql
support-files/mysql.server start # 启动MySQLbin/mysql -uroot -p # 这里直接回车，无须输入密码
2）重置root用户密码
use mysql;update user set authentication_string='' where user='root';exit;
3 ) 删除/etc/my.cnf文件的 skip-grant-tables , 重启mysql服务
support-files/mysql.server restart #重启mysql
4 ) 用root用户进行登录
mysql -u root -p passwrod:直接回车
5 ) 使用ALTER修改root用户密码，初始化完毕。退出，使用新密码登录
ALTER user 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new_password';

4. 设置环境变量和开机自启

1) 设置环境变量
编辑profile文件
vim /etc/profile
添加下列信息到profile尾部
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/server/mysql/bin
使环境变量立即生效
source /etc/profile
2）设置开机自启
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld systemctl enable mysqld

5. 防火墙设置

CentOS默认开启了 firewall 防火墙，下面我们使用firewall开启3306l端口
1）开启之前我们先查询下3306端口是否开启
firewall-cmd --query-port=3306/tcp
2）我们可以选择临时开启或者永久开启3306端口
firewall-cmd --add-port=3306/tcp # 临时开启3306端口 firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp # 永久开启3306端口
3）重启firewall
firewall-cmd --reload

6. 远程访问

1）给予任何主机访问mysql的权限
create user root@'%' identified by 'your_password'; grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%';
2）使权限修改生效
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

四、安装PHP

1. 安装步骤

1）安装依赖包
yum -y install wget vim pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel \libicu-devel gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng \libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib \zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel \curl curl-devel krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openldap openldap-devel \nss_ldap jemalloc-devel cmake boost-devel bison automake libevent \libevent-devel gd gd-devel libtool* libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel mcrypt \mhash libxslt libxslt-devel readline readline-devel gmp gmp-devel \libcurl libcurl-devel openjpeg-devel libcurl.x86_64 libcurl-devel.x86_64 \libjpeg-turbo libjpeg-turbo-devel libpng freetype libpng-devel \freetype-devel icu libicu libicu-devel openldap openldap-clients \openldap-devel openldap-serverscp -frp /usr/lib64/libldap* /usr/lib/
2）解压PHP安装包
tar zxvf php-7.2.6.tar.gz
3）编译安装
cd php-7.2.6./configure --prefix=/usr/local/server/php \--with-apxs2=/usr/local/server/apache/bin/apxs \--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/server/php \--enable-fpm \--with-fpm-user=www \--with-fpm-group=www \--enable-mysqlnd \--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \--enable-mysqlnd-compression-support \--with-iconv-dir \--with-freetype-dir \--with-jpeg-dir \--with-png-dir \--with-zlib \--with-libxml-dir \--enable-xml \--disable-rpath \--enable-bcmath \--enable-shmop \--enable-sysvsem \--enable-inline-optimization \--with-curl \--enable-mbregex \--enable-mbstring \--enable-intl \--with-libmbfl \--enable-ftp \--with-gd \--with-openssl \--with-mhash \--enable-pcntl \--enable-sockets \--with-xmlrpc \--enable-zip \--enable-soap \--with-gettext \--disable-fileinfo \--enable-opcache \--with-pear \--enable-maintainer-zts \--with-ldap=shared \--without-gdbm \make && make install

2. 配置php.ini

1）将配置文件拷贝到PHP安装目录
cp php.ini-* /usr/local/server/php/
2）生成php.ini
cp php.ini-development /usr/local/server/php/php.inicp /usr/local/server/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/server/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

3 ) 修改php.ini配置文件
expose_php = Offshort_open_tag = ONmax_execution_time = 300max_input_time = 300memory_limit = 128Mpost_max_size = 32Mdate.timezone = Asia/Shanghaimbstring.func_overload=2extension_dir = "/usr/local/server/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20170718/"

3. 修改httpd.conf

载入PHP模块，如httpd.conf中有下列代码则直接去掉前面#即可，没有则加入
LoadModule php7_module modules/libphp7.so
在底部加入以下代码使得Apache可以解析php文件
<IfModule mod_php7.c>AddType application/x-httpd-php .php</IfModule>
找到如下代码，在index.html后面加入index.php
<IfModule dir_module> DirectoryIndex index.html</IfModule>
重启Apache
service httpd restart

4. 测试PHP是否成功安装