dir?

dir(__builtin__)

['ArithmeticError', 'AssertionError', 'AttributeError', 'BaseException', 'BlockingIOError', 'BrokenPipeError', 'BufferError', 'BytesWarning', 'ChildProcessError', 'ConnectionAbortedError', 'ConnectionError', 'ConnectionRefusedError', 'ConnectionResetError', 'DeprecationWarning', 'EOFError', 'Ellipsis', 'EnvironmentError', 'Exception', 'False', 'FileExistsError', 'FileNotFoundError', 'FloatingPointError', 'FutureWarning', 'GeneratorExit', 'IOError', 'ImportError', 'ImportWarning', 'IndentationError', 'IndexError', 'InterruptedError', 'IsADirectoryError', 'KeyError', 'KeyboardInterrupt', 'LookupError', 'MemoryError', 'ModuleNotFoundError', 'NameError', 'None', 'NotADirectoryError', 'NotImplemented', 'NotImplementedError', 'OSError', 'OverflowError', 'PendingDeprecationWarning', 'PermissionError', 'ProcessLookupError', 'RecursionError', 'ReferenceError', 'ResourceWarning', 'RuntimeError', 'RuntimeWarning', 'StopAsyncIteration', 'StopIteration', 'SyntaxError', 'SyntaxWarning', 'SystemError', 'SystemExit', 'TabError', 'TimeoutError', 'True', 'TypeError', 'UnboundLocalError', 'UnicodeDecodeError', 'UnicodeEncodeError', 'UnicodeError', 'UnicodeTranslateError', 'UnicodeWarning', 'UserWarning', 'ValueError', 'Warning', 'WindowsError', 'ZeroDivisionError', '__IPYTHON__', '__build_class__', '__debug__', '__doc__', '__import__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'abs', 'all', 'any', 'ascii', 'bin', 'bool', 'bytearray', 'bytes', 'callable', 'chr', 'classmethod', 'compile', 'complex', 'copyright', 'credits', 'delattr', 'dict', 'dir', 'display', 'divmod', 'enumerate', 'eval', 'exec', 'filter', 'float', 'format', 'frozenset', 'get_ipython', 'getattr', 'globals', 'hasattr', 'hash', 'help', 'hex', 'id', 'input', 'int', 'isinstance', 'issubclass', 'iter', 'len', 'license', 'list', 'locals', 'map', 'max', 'memoryview', 'min', 'next', 'object', 'oct', 'open', 'ord', 'pow', 'print', 'property', 'range', 'repr', 'reversed', 'round', 'set', 'setattr', 'slice', 'sorted', 'staticmethod', 'str', 'sum', 'super', 'tuple', 'type', 'vars', 'zip']

dir(int)

['__abs__', '__add__', '__and__', '__bool__', '__ceil__', '__class__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__divmod__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__float__', '__floor__', '__floordiv__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getnewargs__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__index__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__int__', '__invert__', '__le__', '__lshift__', '__lt__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__neg__', '__new__', '__or__', '__pos__', '__pow__', '__radd__', '__rand__', '__rdivmod__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rfloordiv__', '__rlshift__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__ror__', '__round__', '__rpow__', '__rrshift__', '__rshift__', '__rsub__', '__rtruediv__', '__rxor__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__sub__', '__subclasshook__', '__truediv__', '__trunc__', '__xor__', 'bit_length', 'conjugate', 'denominator', 'from_bytes', 'imag', 'numerator', 'real', 'to_bytes']变量

a = 1

a

1

type(a)

int

name = value

.不能使用中文.大小写.有意义的单词.不与关键词重复.连接符.全大写一般作为全局变量

number = 3 num = 4

number

3

num

4

name = "coop"

name

'coop'

type(name)

str

type(num)

int

result = 1 + 4

result

5数字

.why 计算 日常数字 游戏 图像. what .how :对比py2

# 数学计算3 + 5

8

3-3.5

-0.5

3-3.345

-0.3450000000000002

3*5

15

3*t

---------------------------------------------------------------------------NameError Traceback (most recent call last)<ipython-input-50-5341660d56fc> in <module>()----> 1 3*tNameError: name 't' is not defined

3*'t'

'ttt'

#取整数3//5

0

3 % 5

3

type(2.5)

float

type(4)

int

number = 111_222_333# 一样是表示数字

number

111222333

type(True)

bool

type(False)

bool内置类型，内置函数和标准库

import randomrandom.randint(2,9) # 返回2和9之间的随机整数

2

import randomrandom.choice?

round(3.4)

3

import mathmath.floor(3.6) # 取小

3

math.ceil(3.2) #取大

4

math.pi

3.141592653589793

math.pow(3,2) # 默认是小数

9.0

math.sin(30)

-0.9880316240928618

math.hypot(3,4) # 勾股定理

5.0

math.sin(30)

-0.9880316240928618

math.exp(3)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------NameError Traceback (most recent call last)<ipython-input-5-0e9f30b02870> in <module>()----> 1 math.exp(3)NameError: name 'math' is not defined

import mathmath.log2(8)

3.0

name = input('name:')

name = input("name:")

name:

name

''新建

"""asdfaadfadsf # 三引号可以换行"""

'\nasdfa\nadf\nadsf # 可以换行\n'

"第一行\第二行\第三行" # 右斜线也可以用来换行

'第一行第二行第三行'

基本数据结构list

type([])

list

# 创建 增加my_list = [1,2,3,4,5,6]

my_list

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

my_list2 = list([1,2,3,4,5]) # 与上面的等价

my_list2

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

my_list3 = list((1,2,3,4))

my_list3

[1, 2, 3, 4]

multi_list = ['coop',2018,'1.2',True]

multi_list # 不建议使用，列表中一般都是同一类型的数据

['coop', 2018, '1.2', True]

more_list = [1,2,3,4,[5,6,7],9,10]

more_list

[1, 2, 3, 4, [5, 6, 7], 9, 10]

arr = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]] # 矩阵

arr

[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]

str_list = [] # 列表名称，数据为字符串

str_list

[]

str_list.append('abc') # 可以在.之后单击tab键，可以显示都有哪些方法

str_list

['abc', 'abc', 'abc', 'abc']

str_list = ['c'*3] # 列表的增加

str_list

['ccc']

str_list = [['c']*3] # 列表的增加

str_list

[['c', 'c', 'c']]列表的插入：insert

my_list

[1, 123, 123, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

my_list.insert(-1,-1)

my_list

[1, 123, 123, 2, 3, 4, 5, -1, 6]

my_list.insert?查

my_list # 切片 [开始：结束 ：步长]

[1, 123, 123, 2, 3, 4, 5, -1, 6]

my_list[1]

123

my_list[-1]

6

my_list[-2]

-1

len(my_list) # 列表长度

9

my_list.count(123) # 计算某个元素出现的次数

2

my_list[:3]

[1, 123, 123]

my_list[3:]

[2, 3, 4, 5, -1, 6]

my_list

[1, 123, 123, 2, 3, 4, 5, -1, 6]

my_list[1::2]

[123, 2, 4, -1]

names = ['coop','xxx','world','murphy']

names

['coop', 'xxx', 'world', 'murphy']

names[3]

'murphy'

names.index('world')

2改

names

['coop', 'xxx', 'world', 'murphy']

names[2] = 'china'

names

['coop', 'xxx', 'china', 'murphy']

names[-1] = 'zhao'

names

['coop', 'xxx', 'china', 'zhao']

names.reverse() # 反转数据,会将列表修改

names

['zhao', 'china', 'xxx', 'coop']

names[::-1]

['coop', 'xxx', 'china', 'zhao']

names

['zhao', 'china', 'xxx', 'coop']删除

names

['zhao', 'china', 'xxx', 'coop']

names.pop(1)

'xxx'

names

['zhao', 'coop']

names

['zhao', 'coop']

names = [] # 删除整个列表

names

[]字符串的增加

'coop'*5

'coopcoopcoopcoopcoop'

"cop "*5

'cop cop cop cop cop '

# 直接加name = 'coop'city = 'beijing'info = name +' '+ cityinfo

'coop beijing'

# % c style'name:%s,city:%s' %(name,city) #ctrl +左右箭头 ctrl+shift +左右箭头#字符串里面加%s，表示占位符，后面%跟（）表示变量

'name:coop,city:beijing'

# {} format'name:{},city:{}' .format(name,city)

'name:coop,city:beijing'

'name:{},city:{}' .format(city,name)

'name:beijing,city:coop'

'name:{name123},city:{city123}'.format(name123=name,city123=city)#第一个name表示字符串，name123表示增加的变量.format里面的name表示变量，即coop"""

'name:coop,city:beijing'

# f-string f'{}' 拼接字符串very important

f'{name}:{city}'

'coop:beijing'

f"my name is {name} and i'm in {city}"

"my name is coop and i'm in beijing"删除字符串

name = 'coop'

name

'coop'

name = ''

name

''字符串各种修改

name = 'coop'

name.upper()

'COOP'

name

'coop'

name = 'ABCDEFG'

name

'ABCDEFG'

name.lower()

'abcdefg'

names = name.lower()

names

'abcdefg'

name

'ABCDEFG'

names

'abcdefg'

names.capitalize()

'Abcdefg'

name = 'python is cool'

name.title()

'Python Is Cool'

name.strip('python') # 去除给定开头和结尾的字符串，或者去除字符串两端的空格

' is cool'

name.strip()

'python is cool'

email = '123#qq.com' # replace 替换指定的字符串

email.replace('#','@')

'123@qq.com'

len(email)

10

email.zfill(15) # 左边补0，凑齐15个字符串，小于字符串长度的话，不添加0

'00000123#qq.com'

email.zfill(5)

'123#qq.com'

email.ljust(15) # 用于格式化输出,括号里面指定它的宽度，不够的可以是空格不全，也可以是其他的补全

'123#qq.com '

email.ljust(15,'$')

'123#qq.com$$$$$'

email.center(15,'*')

'***123#qq.com**'

name

'python is cool'

name.isupper()

False

py = 'python is cool'

py.index('is')

7

py.index('o') # 指定字符的位置

4

py.find('is')

7

py.find('asldhfk')

-1

dir(py)jjjjkk

['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getnewargs__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'capitalize', 'casefold', 'center', 'count', 'encode', 'endswith', 'expandtabs', 'find', 'format', 'format_map', 'index', 'isalnum', 'isalpha', 'isdecimal', 'isdigit', 'isidentifier', 'islower', 'isnumeric', 'isprintable', 'isspace', 'istitle', 'isupper', 'join', 'ljust', 'lower', 'lstrip', 'maketrans', 'partition', 'replace', 'rfind', 'rindex', 'rjust', 'rpartition', 'rsplit', 'rstrip', 'split', 'splitlines', 'startswith', 'strip', 'swapcase', 'title', 'translate', 'upper', 'zfill']

name = input('name:')

name:coop

len(name)

7

type(name)

str

len(name.strip())

4

py = 'python2 python3 python4 python8'

py[3]

'h'

py[-1]

'8'

py[:6]

'python'

py.index('2')

6

py[:py.index('2')] #切片的嵌套操作

'python'

something = 'abcdefg1234567'

something[1:6:3]

'be'

something[:4]

'abcd'

something[4:]

'efg1234567'

something[4::4] # 步长就是第n个，隔n-1个

'e26'

something

something.index('e')

4

email

'123#qq.com'

email.split('#') # 以#号为分隔符，生成一个列表

['123', 'qq.com']

email.index('#') # 少用，建议用find

3

email[:email.index('#')]

'123'

email.split("#")[0]

'123'

email[:email.find('#')]

'123'

email[email.find('#'):]

'#qq.com'

email[email.find('#')+1:]

'qq.com'

email.find('@')

-1数字和字符串的判断

type(8)

int

num = 'coop'

num.isdigit()

False

num.isalpha()

True

number = '三'

number.isdigit()

False

number.isalpha()

True

number = '3'

number.isdecimal()

True

number.isnumeric()

True

number.isdigit()

True

type(number)

str

number

'3'

number.isdigit()

True判断数字范围

isnumeric(能数数的)> isdigit(数字)>isdecimal(十进制)

num = 'coop007'

num.isalpha() # 判断是否是字母

False

num.isnumeric() # 判断是否是数字

False

type(num)

str

num = input('give me a number:')

give me a number:1213

num

'1213'

num.isdigit()

True学习要点：- 逗号，引号，中英文切换- 字符串 数字转换- 列表- 重复的事情交给电脑- range- for- print格式化输出

for i in range(9,0,-1): # 减号表示反向排列，数字1 表示步长，因为默认是从0开始，现在是从9到0，所以应该加个减号，表示反向。 for j in range(1,i+1): print(f'{j}*{i}={i*j}',end=" ") print()

1*9=9 2*9=18 3*9=27 4*9=36 5*9=45 6*9=54 7*9=63 8*9=72 9*9=81 1*8=8 2*8=16 3*8=24 4*8=32 5*8=40 6*8=48 7*8=56 8*8=64 1*7=7 2*7=14 3*7=21 4*7=28 5*7=35 6*7=42 7*7=49 1*6=6 2*6=12 3*6=18 4*6=24 5*6=30 6*6=36 1*5=5 2*5=10 3*5=15 4*5=20 5*5=25 1*4=4 2*4=8 3*4=12 4*4=16 1*3=3 2*3=6 3*3=9 1*2=2 2*2=4 1*1=1

for j in range(8,0,-1): for i in range(1,j): print(i,end='') print()

1234567123456123451234123121

for i in range(9,0,-1): #控制行数 for j in range(1,i+1): #控制列数 print(f'{j}*{i}={i*j:2}',end=' ') #控制打印输出，f'{j}*{i}={i*j:2}'中的2表示控制输出的位数 print()

1*9= 9 2*9=18 3*9=27 4*9=36 5*9=45 6*9=54 7*9=63 8*9=72 9*9=81 1*8= 8 2*8=16 3*8=24 4*8=32 5*8=40 6*8=48 7*8=56 8*8=64 1*7= 7 2*7=14 3*7=21 4*7=28 5*7=35 6*7=42 7*7=49 1*6= 6 2*6=12 3*6=18 4*6=24 5*6=30 6*6=36 1*5= 5 2*5=10 3*5=15 4*5=20 5*5=25 1*4= 4 2*4= 8 3*4=12 4*4=16 1*3= 3 2*3= 6 3*3= 9 1*2= 2 2*2= 4 1*1= 1

for i in range(1,10): for j in range(1,i+1): print(f'{i}*{j}={i*j:2}',end=" ") print()

1*1= 1 2*1= 2 2*2= 4 3*1= 3 3*2= 6 3*3= 9 4*1= 4 4*2= 8 4*3=12 4*4=16 5*1= 5 5*2=10 5*3=15 5*4=20 5*5=25 6*1= 6 6*2=12 6*3=18 6*4=24 6*5=30 6*6=36 7*1= 7 7*2=14 7*3=21 7*4=28 7*5=35 7*6=42 7*7=49 8*1= 8 8*2=16 8*3=24 8*4=32 8*5=40 8*6=48 8*7=56 8*8=64 9*1= 9 9*2=18 9*3=27 9*4=36 9*5=45 9*6=54 9*7=63 9*8=72 9*9=81

for i in range(9,0,-1): for j in range(1,i+1): print(f'{j}*{i}={str(j*i).ljust(2)}',end=' ') #ljust是列表的方法，所以先使用str将数字改为列表。 print()

1*9=9 2*9=18 3*9=27 4*9=36 5*9=45 6*9=54 7*9=63 8*9=72 9*9=81 1*8=8 2*8=16 3*8=24 4*8=32 5*8=40 6*8=48 7*8=56 8*8=64 1*7=7 2*7=14 3*7=21 4*7=28 5*7=35 6*7=42 7*7=49 1*6=6 2*6=12 3*6=18 4*6=24 5*6=30 6*6=36 1*5=5 2*5=10 3*5=15 4*5=20 5*5=25 1*4=4 2*4=8 3*4=12 4*4=16 1*3=3 2*3=6 3*3=9 1*2=2 2*2=4 1*1=1

ch_numbers = ['','一','二','三','四','五','六','七','八','九','零']numbers = ['','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','0']for i in range(9,0,-1): for j in range(1,i+1): result = str(i*j).ljust(2) left = ch_numbers[numbers.index(result[0])] right = ch_numbers[numbers.index(result[0])] print(f'{ch_numbers[j]}*{ch_numbers[i]}={left}{right}',end=' ') print()

一*九=九九 二*九=一一 三*九=二二 四*九=三三 五*九=四四 六*九=五五 七*九=六六 八*九=七七 九*九=八八 一*八=八八 二*八=一一 三*八=二二 四*八=三三 五*八=四四 六*八=四四 七*八=五五 八*八=六六 一*七=七七 二*七=一一 三*七=二二 四*七=二二 五*七=三三 六*七=四四 七*七=四四 一*六=六六 二*六=一一 三*六=一一 四*六=二二 五*六=三三 六*六=三三 一*五=五五 二*五=一一 三*五=一一 四*五=二二 五*五=二二 一*四=四四 二*四=八八 三*四=一一 四*四=一一 一*三=三三 二*三=六六 三*三=九九 一*二=二二 二*二=四四 一*一=一一

ch_numbers = ['','一','二','三','四','五','六','七','八','九','零']numbers = ['','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','0']for i in range(9,0,-1): for j in range(1,i+1): result = str(i*j).ljust(2) left = ch_numbers[result[0]] right = ch_numbers[numbers.index(result[0])] print(f'{ch_numbers[j]}*{ch_numbers[i]}={left}{right}',end=' ') print()

---------------------------------------------------------------------------TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)<ipython-input-418-f42a2d6a2613> in <module>() 4 for j in range(1,i+1): 5 result = str(i*j).ljust(2)----> 6 left = ch_numbers[result[0]] 7 right = ch_numbers[numbers.index(result[0])] 8 print(f'{ch_numbers[j]}*{ch_numbers[i]}={left}{right}',end=' ')TypeError: list indices must be integers or slices, not strtoken生成器用途- url- passport- file name学习要点：- random- string-字符串与数字综合练习- 列表

import random

random? # module

random.choice('asldfhaosdhoasf')

'f'random.choice? # Choose a random element from a non-empty sequence.

str_list = ['a','b','c','d','e',1,2]

s = ''

s.join(str_list)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)<ipython-input-429-153df814400f> in <module>()----> 1 s.join(str_list)TypeError: sequence item 5: expected str instance, int found

str_list1 = ['a','b','c','d','e','1','2']

s = ' '

s.join(str_list1) # join方法之针对字符串，对数字无效

'a b c d e 1 2'