JSON Web Token（缩写 JWT）是目前最流行的跨域认证解决方案。JSON Web Token 入门教程 - 阮一峰，这篇文章可以帮你了解JWT的概念。本文重点讲解Spring Boot 结合 jwt ，来实现前后端分离中，接口的安全调用。

之前的文章已经对 Spring Security 进行了讲解，这一节对涉及到 Spring Security 的配置不详细讲解。若不了解 Spring Security 先移步到 Spring Boot Security 详解。

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `role`;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user_role`;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `role_permission`;DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `permission`;CREATE TABLE `user` (`id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,`username` varchar(255) NOT NULL,`password` varchar(255) NOT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`id`) );CREATE TABLE `role` (`id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,`name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`id`) );CREATE TABLE `user_role` (`user_id` bigint(11) NOT NULL,`role_id` bigint(11) NOT NULL);CREATE TABLE `role_permission` (`role_id` bigint(11) NOT NULL,`permission_id` bigint(11) NOT NULL);CREATE TABLE `permission` (`id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,`url` varchar(255) NOT NULL,`name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,`description` varchar(255) NULL,`pid` bigint(11) NOT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`id`) );INSERT INTO user (id, username, password) VALUES (1,'user','e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e'); INSERT INTO user (id, username , password) VALUES (2,'admin','e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e'); INSERT INTO role (id, name) VALUES (1,'USER');INSERT INTO role (id, name) VALUES (2,'ADMIN');INSERT INTO permission (id, url, name, pid) VALUES (1,'/user/hi','',0);INSERT INTO permission (id, url, name, pid) VALUES (2,'/admin/hi','',0);INSERT INTO user_role (user_id, role_id) VALUES (1, 1);INSERT INTO user_role (user_id, role_id) VALUES (2, 1);INSERT INTO user_role (user_id, role_id) VALUES (2, 2);INSERT INTO role_permission (role_id, permission_id) VALUES (1, 1);INSERT INTO role_permission (role_id, permission_id) VALUES (2, 1);INSERT INTO role_permission (role_id, permission_id) VALUES (2, 2);项目结构

resources|___application.ymljava|___com| |____gf| | |____SpringbootJwtApplication.java| | |____config| | | |____.DS_Store| | | |____SecurityConfig.java| | | |____MyFilterSecurityInterceptor.java| | | |____MyInvocationSecurityMetadataSourceService.java| | | |____MyAccessDecisionManager.java| | |____entity| | | |____User.java| | | |____RolePermisson.java| | | |____Role.java| | |____mapper| | | |____PermissionMapper.java| | | |____UserMapper.java| | | |____RoleMapper.java| | |____utils| | | |____JwtTokenUtil.java| | |____controller| | | |____AuthController.java| | |____filter| | | |____JwtTokenFilter.java| | |____service| | | |____impl| | | | |____AuthServiceImpl.java| | | | |____UserDetailsServiceImpl.java| | | |____AuthService.java关键代码pom.xml

<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId></dependency><dependency> <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId> <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId> <version>0.9.0</version></dependency><dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope></dependency><dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>2.0.0</version></dependency>application.yml

spring: datasource: driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring-security-jwt?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false username: root password: rootSecurityConfig

@Configuration@EnableWebSecuritypublic class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter { @Autowired private UserDetailsService userDetailsService; @Autowired public void configureGlobal(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception { //校验用户 auth.userDetailsService( userDetailsService ).passwordEncoder( new PasswordEncoder() { //对密码进行加密 @Override public String encode(CharSequence charSequence) { System.out.println(charSequence.toString()); return DigestUtils.md5DigestAsHex(charSequence.toString().getBytes()); } //对密码进行判断匹配 @Override public boolean matches(CharSequence charSequence, String s) { String encode = DigestUtils.md5DigestAsHex(charSequence.toString().getBytes()); boolean res = s.equals( encode ); return res; } } ); } @Override protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { http.csrf().disable() //因为使用JWT，所以不需要HttpSession .sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy( SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS).and() .authorizeRequests() //OPTIONS请求全部放行 .antMatchers( HttpMethod.OPTIONS, "/**").permitAll() //登录接口放行 .antMatchers("/auth/login").permitAll() //其他接口全部接受验证 .anyRequest().authenticated(); //使用自定义的 Token过滤器 验证请求的Token是否合法 http.addFilterBefore(authenticationTokenFilterBean(), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class); http.headers().cacheControl(); } @Bean public JwtTokenFilter authenticationTokenFilterBean() throws Exception { return new JwtTokenFilter(); } @Bean @Override public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception { return super.authenticationManagerBean(); }}JwtTokenUtil

/** * JWT 工具类 */@Componentpublic class JwtTokenUtil implements Serializable { private static final String CLAIM_KEY_USERNAME = "sub"; /** * 5天(毫秒) */ private static final long EXPIRATION_TIME = 432000000; /** * JWT密码 */ private static final String SECRET = "secret"; /** * 签发JWT */ public String generateToken(UserDetails userDetails) { Map<String, Object> claims = new HashMap<>(16); claims.put( CLAIM_KEY_USERNAME, userDetails.getUsername() ); return Jwts.builder() .setClaims( claims ) .setExpiration( new Date( Instant.now().toEpochMilli() + EXPIRATION_TIME ) ) .signWith( SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, SECRET ) .compact(); } /** * 验证JWT */ public Boolean validateToken(String token, UserDetails userDetails) { User user = (User) userDetails; String username = getUsernameFromToken( token ); return (username.equals( user.getUsername() ) && !isTokenExpired( token )); } /** * 获取token是否过期 */ public Boolean isTokenExpired(String token) { Date expiration = getExpirationDateFromToken( token ); return expiration.before( new Date() ); } /** * 根据token获取username */ public String getUsernameFromToken(String token) { String username = getClaimsFromToken( token ).getSubject(); return username; } /** * 获取token的过期时间 */ public Date getExpirationDateFromToken(String token) { Date expiration = getClaimsFromToken( token ).getExpiration(); return expiration; } /** * 解析JWT */ private Claims getClaimsFromToken(String token) { Claims claims = Jwts.parser() .setSigningKey( SECRET ) .parseClaimsJws( token ) .getBody(); return claims; }}JwtTokenFilter

@Componentpublic class JwtTokenFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter { @Autowired private UserDetailsService userDetailsService; @Autowired private JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil; /** * 存放Token的Header Key */ public static final String HEADER_STRING = "Authorization"; @Override protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException { String token = request.getHeader( HEADER_STRING ); if (null != token) { String username = jwtTokenUtil.getUsernameFromToken(token); if (username != null && SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication() == null) { UserDetails userDetails = this.userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username); if (jwtTokenUtil.validateToken(token, userDetails)) { UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken( userDetails, null, userDetails.getAuthorities()); authentication.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails( request)); SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication); } } } chain.doFilter(request, response); }}AuthServiceImpl

@Servicepublic class AuthServiceImpl implements AuthService { @Autowired private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager; @Autowired private UserDetailsService userDetailsService; @Autowired private JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil; @Override public String login(String username, String password) { UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken upToken = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken( username, password ); Authentication authentication = authenticationManager.authenticate(upToken); SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication); UserDetails userDetails = userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername( username ); String token = jwtTokenUtil.generateToken(userDetails); return token; }}

关键代码就是这些，其他类代码参照后面提供的源码地址。

登录，获取token

curl -X POST -d "username=admin&password=123456" http://127.0.0.1:8080/auth/login

返回

eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJhZG1pbiIsImV4cCI6MTU1NDQ1MzUwMX0.sglVeqnDGUL9pH1oP3Lh9XrdzJIS42VKBApd2nPJt7e1TKhCEY7AUfIXnzG9vc885_jTq4-h8R6YCtRRJzl8fQ

不带token访问资源

curl -X POST -d "name=zhangsan" http://127.0.0.1:8080/admin/hi

返回，拒绝访问

{ "timestamp": "2019-03-31T08:50:55.894+0000", "status": 403, "error": "Forbidden", "message": "Access Denied", "path": "/auth/login"}

携带token访问资源

curl -X POST -H "Authorization: eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJhZG1pbiIsImV4cCI6MTU1NDQ1MzUwMX0.sglVeqnDGUL9pH1oP3Lh9XrdzJIS42VKBApd2nPJt7e1TKhCEY7AUfIXnzG9vc885_jTq4-h8R6YCtRRJzl8fQ" -d "name=zhangsan" http://127.0.0.1:8080/admin/hi

返回正确

hi zhangsan , you have 'admin' role源码

https://github.com/gf-huanchupk/SpringBootLearning/tree/master/springboot-jwt