怎么使用Cobbler快速安装系统

2024-10-28 技术教程

这篇文章主要为大家展示了“怎么使用Cobbler快速安装系统”，内容简而易懂，条理清晰，希望能够帮助大家解决疑惑，下面让小编带领大家一起研究并学习一下“怎么使用Cobbler快速安装系统”这篇文章吧。

Cobbler 可以用来快速建立 Linux 网络安装环境，它已将 Linux 网络安装的技术门槛，从大专以上文化水平，成功降低到初中以下，连补鞋匠都能学会。

环境：

CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 VMware Workstation Pro 14

定制系统安装的软件包

查看默认的 ks 文件

[root@Jaking~]#cobblerreportdistros:==========Name:CentOS-7.6-x86_64Architecture:x86_64TFTPBootFiles:{}Breed:redhatComment:FetchableFiles:{}Initrd:/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.6-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.imgKernel:/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.6-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuzKernelOptions:{}KernelOptions(PostInstall):{}KickstartMetadata:{'tree':'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/CentOS-7.6-x86_64'}ManagementClasses:[]OSVersion:rhel6Owners:['admin']RedHatManagementKey:RedHatManagementServer:TemplateFiles:{}profiles:==========Name:CentOS-7.6-x86_64TFTPBootFiles:{}Comment:DHCPTag:defaultDistribution:CentOS-7.6-x86_64EnablegPXE?:0EnablePXEMenu?:1FetchableFiles:{}KernelOptions:{}KernelOptions(PostInstall):{}Kickstart:/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ksKickstartMetadata:{}ManagementClasses:[]ManagementParameters:NameServers:[]NameServersSearchPath:[]Owners:['admin']ParentProfile:Internalproxy:RedHatManagementKey:RedHatManagementServer:Repos:[]ServerOverride:TemplateFiles:{}VirtAutoBoot:1VirtBridge:xenbr0VirtCPUs:1VirtDiskDriverType:rawVirtFileSize(GB):5VirtPath:VirtRAM(MB):512VirtType:kvm

注： distros 是发行版本，即光盘镜像信息。 profiles 指的是 ks 应答文件。 systems 是指通 Cobbler 安装好的物理机名称。

[root@Jaking~]#cd/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/[root@Jakingkickstarts]#lsdefault.kslegacy.kssample_esx4.kssample.ksesxi4-ks.cfgpxerescue.kssample_esxi4.kssample_old.seedesxi5-ks.cfgsample_autoyast.xmlsample_esxi5.kssample.seedinstall_profilessample_end.kssample_esxi6.kssample.seed.28

可以看到有很多默认的配置文件。

上传 CentOS7.ks 到 Cobbler 服务器上。CentOS7.ks 这个配置文件里面安装了开发工具相关软件包。

[root@Jakingkickstarts]#rz[root@Jakingkickstarts]#lsCentOS7.ksinstall_profilessample_end.kssample_esxi6.kssample.seed.28default.kslegacy.kssample_esx4.kssample.ksesxi4-ks.cfgpxerescue.kssample_esxi4.kssample_old.seedesxi5-ks.cfgsample_autoyast.xmlsample_esxi5.kssample.seed[root@Jakingkickstarts]#catCentOS7.ks#CobblerforKickstartConfiguratorforCentOS7byclsninstallurl--url=$treetextlangen_US.UTF-8keyboarduszerombrbootloader--location=mbr--driveorder=sda--append="crashkernel=autorhgbquiet"#Networkinformation$SNIPPET('network_config')#network--bootproto=dhcp--device=eth0--onboot=yes--noipv6--hostname=CentOS7timezone--utcAsia/Shanghaiauthconfig--enableshadow--passalgo=sha512rootpw--iscrypted$default_password_cryptedclearpart--all--initlabelpart/boot--fstypexfs--size1024partswap--size1024part/--fstypexfs--size1--growfirstboot--disableselinux--disabledfirewall--disabledlogging--level=inforeboot%pre$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')#Enableinstallationmonitoring$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')%end%packages@additional-devel@development@platform-develbash-completionchronydos2unixkexec-toolslrzszsysstattreevimwgetgitnet-tools%end%postsystemctldisablepostfix.service%end[root@Jakingkickstarts]#cobblerprofilelist#查看当前启动项，使用的配置文件CentOS-7.6-x86_64

修改 name 是 CentOS-7.6-x86_64 的 kickstart 文件为 CentOS7.ks

[root@Jakingkickstarts]#cobblerprofileedit--nameCentOS-7.6-x86_64--kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS7.ks[root@Jakingkickstarts]#cobblerreport|grepKickstartKickstartMetadata:{'tree':'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/CentOS-7.6-x86_64'}Kickstart:/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS7.ksKickstartMetadata:{}

通过给内核传参数，修改网卡名称为 eth0

[root@Jakingkickstarts]#cobblerprofileedit--nameCentOS-7.6-x86_64--kopts='net.ifnames=0biosdevname=0'

配置文件内容如下：

[root@Jakingkickstarts]#vimCentOS7.ks#查看配置文件中的，默认就可以，不需要修改#CobblerforKickstartConfiguratorforCentOS7byclsnInstall#安装系统url--url=$tree#url地址为Cobbler内置变量text#文本方式安装，修改为图形界面则为Graphicallangen_US.UTF-8#语言keyboardus#键盘zerombr#该参数用于清除引导信息，需要让其生效可以在参数后添加yes即可。可选项，一般不用。bootloader--location=mbr--driveorder=sda--append="crashkernel=autorhgbquiet"#指定引导装载程序怎样被安装.对于安装和升级,这个选项都是必需的.#Networkinformation$SNIPPET('network_config')#该参数表示使用下方%pre中的脚本来配置网络，相关脚本存放于/var/lib/cobbler/snippets#如果不需要脚本配置可启用以下配置#network--bootproto=dhcp--device=eth0--onboot=yes--noipv6--hostname=CentOS7timezone--utcAsia/Shanghai#时区authconfig--enableshadow--passalgo=sha512#加密shadowrootpw--iscrypted$default_password_crypted#设置root密码clearpart--all--initlabel#--all初除所有分区，后者将磁盘标签初始化为缺省值设置。part/boot--fstypexfs--size1024#boot分区大小partswap--size1024#swap分区大小part/--fstypexfs--size1--grow#根分区大小firstboot--disable#决定是否在系统第一次引导时启动"设置代理”，禁用。selinux--disabled#在系统里设置SELinux状态firewall--disabled#在系统狸设置而防火墙状态logging--level=info#这个命令控制安装过程中anaconda的错误日志，它对安装好的系统没有影响。reboot#安装后重启%pre#pre中定了前面使用的具体脚本名称。$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')#Enableinstallationmonitoring$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')%end%packages#自定义安装内容，这里可以可以自行生成ks文件然后把对应的配置复制到这里。当前配置为最小化安装，以及安装系统常用工具。@additional-devel@development@platform-develbash-completionchronydos2unixkexec-toolslrzszsysstattreevimwgetgitnet-tools%end%post#安装后执行操作，可以执行脚本也可以直接执行命令。systemctldisablepostfix.service%end

定制 Cobbler 引导菜单（名称、超时时间、默认启动菜单）

[root@Jakingkickstarts]#vim/etc/cobbler/pxe/pxedefault.templateDEFAULTmenuPROMPT0MENUTITLEJaking#菜单名称TIMEOUT100#超时时间TOTALTIMEOUT6000ONTIMEOUT$pxe_timeout_profileLABELlocalMENULABEL(local)MENUDEFAULTLOCALBOOT-1$pxe_menu_items#该变量是我自定义的引导菜单，复制到LABELlocal配置项上方，否则默认启动还是local。MENUend

同步 Cobbler 配置

[root@Jakingkickstarts]#systemctlrestartcobblerd[root@Jakingkickstarts]#cobblersynctaskstarted:2020-01-04_050537_synctaskstarted(id=Sync,time=SatJan405:05:372020)runningpre-synctriggerscleaningtreesremoving:/var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7.6-x86_64removing:/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/defaultremoving:/var/lib/tftpboot/grub/imagesremoving:/var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efiremoving:/var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efiremoving:/var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefaultremoving:/var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7.6-x86_64removing:/var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_listcopyingbootloaderstryinghardlink/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi->/var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efitryinghardlink/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi->/var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.eficopyingdistrostotftpbootcopyingfilesfordistro:CentOS-7.6-x86_64tryinghardlink/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.6-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz->/var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7.6-x86_64/vmlinuztryinghardlink/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.6-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img->/var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7.6-x86_64/initrd.imgcopyingimagesgeneratingPXEconfigurationfilesgeneratingPXEmenustructurecopyingfilesfordistro:CentOS-7.6-x86_64tryinghardlink/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.6-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz->/var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7.6-x86_64/vmlinuztryinghardlink/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.6-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img->/var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7.6-x86_64/initrd.imgWritingtemplatefilesforCentOS-7.6-x86_64renderingDHCPfilesgenerating/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.confrenderingTFTPDfilesgenerating/etc/xinetd.d/tftpprocessingboot_filesfordistro:CentOS-7.6-x86_64cleaninglinkcachesrunningpost-synctriggersrunningpythontriggersfrom/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*runningpythontriggercobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_servicesrunning:dhcpd-t-qreceivedonstdout:receivedonstderr:running:servicedhcpdrestartreceivedonstdout:receivedonstderr:Redirectingto/bin/systemctlrestartdhcpd.servicerunningshelltriggersfrom/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*runningpythontriggersfrom/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*runningpythontriggercobbler.modules.manage_gendersrunningpythontriggercobbler.modules.scm_trackrunningshelltriggersfrom/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/****TASKCOMPLETE***

新建虚拟机进行测试。