Go编程基础4-Http服务器

2024-12-06 技术教程

1、http服务器

package mainimport( "net/http" "log")func main(){//注册某个函数专门响应某个路由"/"，函数签名符合 http.HandleFunc("/",func(w http.ResponseWriter,r *http.Request){ w.Write([]byte("Hello,this is version 1!")) }) http.HandleFunc("/bye",sayBye) log.Println("Starting server ... v1") log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":4000",nil))}func sayBye( w http.ResponseWriter,r *http.Request){ w.Write([]byte("Bye bye,this is version 1!"))}go run test.go2018/07/09 14:32:08 Starting server ... v1

浏览器打开访问：http://localhost:4000/

浏览器打开访问：http://localhost:4000/bye

如何使用mux自定义ServeHTTP，实现http server呢？

package mainimport( "net/http" "log")func main(){ mux := http.NewServeMux() mux.Handle("/",&myHandler{}) mux.HandleFunc("bye",sayBye) log.Println("Starting server ... v2") log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":4000",mux))}type myHandler struct {}func (*myHandler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter,r *http.Request){ w.Write([]byte("Hello,this is version 2!"))}func sayBye(w http.ResponseWriter,r *http.Request){ w.Write([]byte("Bye bye,this is version 2!"))}go run test.go2018/07/09 15:37:35 Starting server ... v2

浏览器打开访问：http://localhost:4000/

浏览器打开访问：http://localhost:4000/bye

浏览器打开访问：http://localhost:4000/abcdef 默认也匹配到这里

所有未匹配到的路由都会匹配到跟 "/" 路由

package mainimport( "net/http" "log")func main(){ mux := http.NewServeMux() mux.Handle("/",&myHandler{}) //所有未匹配到的路由都会匹配到跟路由 mux.HandleFunc("bye",sayBye) log.Println("Starting server ... v2") log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":4000",mux))}type myHandler struct {}func (*myHandler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter,r *http.Request){ w.Write([]byte("Hello v2,the request url is:"+ r.URL.String()))}func sayBye(w http.ResponseWriter,r *http.Request){ w.Write([]byte("Bye bye,this is version 2!"))}go run test.go2018/07/09 15:50:23 Starting server ... v2

浏览器打开访问：http://localhost:4000/nihao 默认也匹配到/这里

如何自定义server信息呢？

import( "net/http" "log" "time")func main(){ server :=&http.Server{ Addr: ":4000", WriteTimeout:2 * time.Second, } mux := http.NewServeMux() mux.Handle("/",&myHandler{}) //所有未匹配到的路由都会匹配到跟路由 mux.HandleFunc("bye",sayBye) server.Handler=mux log.Println("Starting server ... v2") log.Fatal(server.ListenAndServe)}type myHandler struct {}func (*myHandler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter,r *http.Request){ w.Write([]byte("Hello v2,the request url is:"+ r.URL.String()))}func sayBye(w http.ResponseWriter,r *http.Request){ w.Write([]byte("Bye bye,this is version 2!"))}go run test.go2018/07/09 15:57:46 Starting server ... v22018/07/09 15:57:46 0x120ef70浏览器打开访问：http://localhost:4000 访问正常

客户端可以主动断开

package mainimport( "net/http" "log" "time" "os" "os/signal")func main(){ server :=&http.Server{ Addr: ":4000", WriteTimeout:4 * time.Second, } quit := make(chan os.Signal) signal.Notify(quit,os.Interrupt) mux := http.NewServeMux() mux.Handle("/",&myHandler{}) //所有未匹配到的路由都会匹配到跟路由 mux.HandleFunc("bye",sayBye) server.Handler=mux go func(){ <-quit if err:=server.Close(); err != nil { log.Fatal("Close server:",err) } }() log.Println("Starting server ... v3") err := server.ListenAndServe() if err !=nil{ if err == http.ErrServerClosed{ log.Print("Server closed under request") }else{ log.Fatal("Server closed unexpected") } } log.Println("Server exit")}type myHandler struct {}func (*myHandler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter,r *http.Request){ w.Write([]byte("Hello v2,the request url is:"+ r.URL.String()))}func sayBye(w http.ResponseWriter,r *http.Request){ time.Sleep(3*time.Second) w.Write([]byte("Bye bye,this is version 2!"))}2018/07/09 20:53:41 Starting server ... v3 此时暂停程序，ctrl+c2018/07/09 20:54:01 Server closed under request2018/07/09 20:54:01 Server exit

如何实现不同的路由转发呢？

package mainimport ( "log" "net/http" "time")//创建一个map，进行路由的转发var mux map[string]func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request)func main() { server := http.Server{ Addr: ":8090", Handler: &myHandler{}, ReadTimeout: 5 * time.Second, } //通过路由注册，/hello 和 /bye 是不同的录用，调用不同的func mux = make(map[string]func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request)) //分配点内存空间 mux["/hello"] = sayHello mux["/bye"] = sayBye err := server.ListenAndServe() if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) }}type myHandler struct{}func (*myHandler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { if h, ok := mux[r.URL.String()]; ok { //map的妙用，判断有没有注册路由，如果有，找到，ok=true h(w, r) return }}func sayHello(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { w.Write([]byte("Hello,this is version 3!"))}func sayBye(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { w.Write([]byte("Bye,this is version 4!"))}

go run test.go
浏览器访问：http://localhost:8090/hello
返回：Hello,this is version 3!
浏览器访问：http://localhost:8090/bye
返回：Bye,this is version 4!