Given an array A of strings made only from lowercase letters, return a list of all characters that show up in all strings within the list (including duplicates). For example, if a character occurs 3 times in all strings but not 4 times, you need to include that character three times in the final answer.

给定仅有小写字母组成的字符串数组 A,返回列表中的每个字符串中都显示的全部字符(包括重复字符)组成的列表。例如,如果一个字符在每个字符串中出现 3 次,但不是 4 次,则需要在最终答案中包含该字符 3 次。
你可以按任意顺序返回答案。
https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/find-common-characters

Input: ["bella","label","roller"]Output: ["e","l","l"]

Input: ["cool","lock","cook"]Output: ["c","o"]

题意:找出所有字符串中都出现过的字符,其实就是求各个字符串的交集,可以按任意顺序返回。
思路一:求每次字符串中的字符出现次数,每次两两字符串比较,26个字符取最小次数的则为两字符串的交集,比如
bella b->1 e->1 l->2 a->1
label b->1 e->1 l->2 a->1 所以这俩字符串的交集就是a b e l l
然后继续往下遍历即可。
用value-'a' 表示26个字母 最后再 value+'a' 转回来

func commonChars(A []string) []string { result := make([]int, 26) for _, value := range A[0] { result[value-'a']++ } for i := 1; i < len(A); i++ { temp := make([]rune, 26) for _, value := range A[i] { temp[value-'a']++ } for j := 0; j < 26; j++ { result[j] = int(math.Min(float64(temp[j]), float64(result[j]))) } } ret := make([]string, 0) for i := 0; i < 26; i++ { if result[i] > 0 { times := result[i] j := 0 for j < times { ret = append(ret, string(i+'a')) j++ } } } return ret}

思路二:其实也是差不多,也是直接两两比较,求交集,比较到最后的结果就是最后的结果。不过这里的求交集方法不太一样。 由于要考虑到重复出现的字符,所以需要采用一个数组来记录某个字符最近一次被找到的位置。如果再次遇到该字符,那么将会从该位置后面开始寻找。

func commonChars1002(A []string) []string { result := make([]string, 0) if len(A) == 1 { for _, rune := range A[0] { result = append(result, string(rune)) } return result } common := commonStr(A[0], A[1]) for i := 2; i < len(A); i++ { common = commonStr(A[i], common) } for _, rune := range common { result = append(result, string(rune)) } return result}func commonStr(a string, b string) string { indexMap := [26]int{} result := make([]rune, 0) index := 0 for _, rune := range a { beforeIndex := indexMap[rune-'a'] index = strings.Index(b[beforeIndex:], string(rune)) if index < len(b) && index >= 0 { result = append(result, rune) indexMap[rune-'a'] = index + beforeIndex + 1//截取后索引会从0开始,所以得加上之前的 } } return string(result)}