这篇文章将为大家详细讲解有关Python爬虫中搜索文档树的方法,小编觉得挺实用的,因此分享给大家做个参考,希望大家阅读完这篇文章后可以有所收获。

搜索文档树

1.find_all(name, attrs, recursive, text, **kwargs)

1)name参数

name参数可以查找所有名字为name的Tag,字符串对象会被自动忽略掉。

a.传字符串

最简单的过滤器就是字符串,在搜索方法中传入一个字符串参数,Beautiful Soup会查找与字符串完整匹配所有的内容,返回一个列表。

#!/usr/bin/python3#-*-coding:utf-8-*-frombs4importBeautifulSouphtml="""<html><head><title>TheDormouse'sstory</title></head><body><pclass="title"name="dromouse"><b>TheDormouse'sstory</b></p><pclass="story">Onceuponatimetherewerethreelittlesisters;andtheirnameswere<ahref="http://example.com/elsie"class="sister"id="link1"><!--Elsie--></a>,<ahref="http://example.com/lacie"class="sister"id="link2">Lacie</a>and<ahref="http://example.com/tillie"class="sister"id="link3">Tillie</a>;andtheylivedatthebottomofawell.</p><pclass="story">...</p>"""#创建BeautifulSoup对象,指定lxml解析器soup=BeautifulSoup(html,"lxml")print(soup.find_all("b"))print(soup.find_all("a"))

运行结果

[<b>TheDormouse'sstory</b>][<aclass="sister"href="http://example.com/elsie"id="link1"><!--Elsie--></a>,<aclass="sister"href="http://example.com/lacie"id="link2">Lacie</a>,<aclass="sister"href="http://example.com/tillie"id="link3">Tillie</a>]

B.传正则表达式

如果传入正则表达式作为参数,Beautiful Soup会通过正则表达式match()来匹配内容。

#!/usr/bin/python3#-*-coding:utf-8-*-frombs4importBeautifulSoupimportrehtml="""<html><head><title>TheDormouse'sstory</title></head><body><pclass="title"name="dromouse"><b>TheDormouse'sstory</b></p><pclass="story">Onceuponatimetherewerethreelittlesisters;andtheirnameswere<ahref="http://example.com/elsie"class="sister"id="link1"><!--Elsie--></a>,<ahref="http://example.com/lacie"class="sister"id="link2">Lacie</a>and<ahref="http://example.com/tillie"class="sister"id="link3">Tillie</a>;andtheylivedatthebottomofawell.</p><pclass="story">...</p>"""#创建BeautifulSoup对象,指定lxml解析器soup=BeautifulSoup(html,"lxml")fortaginsoup.find_all(re.compile("^b")):print(tag.name)

运行结果

bodyb

C.传列表

如果传入列表参数,Beautiful Soup会将与列表中任一元素匹配的内容以列表方式返回。

#!/usr/bin/python3#-*-coding:utf-8-*-frombs4importBeautifulSouphtml="""<html><head><title>TheDormouse'sstory</title></head><body><pclass="title"name="dromouse"><b>TheDormouse'sstory</b></p><pclass="story">Onceuponatimetherewerethreelittlesisters;andtheirnameswere<ahref="http://example.com/elsie"class="sister"id="link1"><!--Elsie--></a>,<ahref="http://example.com/lacie"class="sister"id="link2">Lacie</a>and<ahref="http://example.com/tillie"class="sister"id="link3">Tillie</a>;andtheylivedatthebottomofawell.</p><pclass="story">...</p>"""#创建BeautifulSoup对象,指定lxml解析器soup=BeautifulSoup(html,"lxml")print(soup.find_all(['a','b']))

2)keyword参数

#!/usr/bin/python3#-*-coding:utf-8-*-frombs4importBeautifulSouphtml="""<html><head><title>TheDormouse'sstory</title></head><body><pclass="title"name="dromouse"><b>TheDormouse'sstory</b></p><pclass="story">Onceuponatimetherewerethreelittlesisters;andtheirnameswere<ahref="http://example.com/elsie"class="sister"id="link1"><!--Elsie--></a>,<ahref="http://example.com/lacie"class="sister"id="link2">Lacie</a>and<ahref="http://example.com/tillie"class="sister"id="link3">Tillie</a>;andtheylivedatthebottomofawell.</p><pclass="story">...</p>"""#创建BeautifulSoup对象,指定lxml解析器soup=BeautifulSoup(html,"lxml")print(soup.find_all(id="link1"))

运行结果

[<aclass="sister"href="http://example.com/elsie"id="link1"><!--Elsie--></a>]

3)text参数

通过text参数可以搜索文档中的字符串内容,与name参数的可选值一样,text参数接受字符串,正则表达式,列表。

#!/usr/bin/python3#-*-coding:utf-8-*-frombs4importBeautifulSoupimportrehtml="""<html><head><title>TheDormouse'sstory</title></head><body><pclass="title"name="dromouse"><b>TheDormouse'sstory</b></p><pclass="story">Onceuponatimetherewerethreelittlesisters;andtheirnameswere<ahref="http://example.com/elsie"class="sister"id="link1"><!--Elsie--></a>,<ahref="http://example.com/lacie"class="sister"id="link2">Lacie</a>and<ahref="http://example.com/tillie"class="sister"id="link3">Tillie</a>;andtheylivedatthebottomofawell.</p><pclass="story">...</p>"""#创建BeautifulSoup对象,指定lxml解析器soup=BeautifulSoup(html,"lxml")#字符串print(soup.find_all(text="Elsie"))#列表print(soup.find_all(text=["Tillie","Elsie","Lacie"]))#正则表达式print(soup.find_all(text=re.compile("Dormouse")))

运行结果

['Elsie']['Elsie','Lacie','Tillie']["TheDormouse'sstory","TheDormouse'sstory"]

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